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MEZ901 / sql-cheat-sheet

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sql-cheat-sheet

ROUTE

BROWSING

SHOW DATABASES;
SHOW TABLES;
SHOW FIELDS FROM table / DESCRIBE table;
SHOW CREATE TABLE table;
SHOW PROCESSLIST;
KILL process_number;

SELECT

SELECT * FROM table;
SELECT * FROM table1, table2;
SELECT field1, field2 FROM table1, table2;
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition GROUP BY field;
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition GROUP BY field HAVING condition2;
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition ORDER BY field1, field2;
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition ORDER BY field1, field2 DESC;
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE condition LIMIT 10;
SELECT DISTINCT field1 FROM ...
SELECT DISTINCT field1, field2 FROM ...

SELECT-JOIN

SELECT ... FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON t1.id1 = t2.id2 WHERE condition;
SELECT ... FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.id1 = t2.id2 WHERE condition;
SELECT ... FROM t1 JOIN (t2 JOIN t3 ON ...) ON ...

CONDITIONS

field1 = value1
field1 <> value1
field1 LIKE 'value _ %'
field1 IS NULL
field1 IS NOT NULL
field1 IS IN (value1, value2)
field1 IS NOT IN (value1, value2)
condition1 AND condition2
condition1 OR condition2

CREATE / OPEN / DELETE DaTABASE

CREATE DATABASE DatabaseName;
CREATE DATABASE DatabaseName CHARACTER SET utf8;
USE DatabaseName;
DROP DATABASE DatabaseName;
ALTER DATABASE DatabaseName CHARACTER SET utf8;

BACKUP DATABASE TO SQL FILE

mysqldump -u Username -p dbNameYouWant > databasename_backup.sql

RESTORE FROM BACKUP SQL FILE

mysql -u Username -p dbNameYouWant < databasename_backup.sql;

REPAIR TABLES AFTER UNCLEAN SHUTDOWN

mysqlcheck --all-databases;
mysqlcheck --all-databases --fast;

INSERT

INSERT INTO table1 (field1, field2) VALUES (value1, value2);

DELETE

DELETE FROM table1 / TRUNCATE table1
DELETE FROM table1 WHERE condition
DELETE FROM table1, table2 WHERE table1.id1 = table2.id2 AND condition

UPDATE

UPDATE table1 SET field1=new_value1 WHERE condition;
UPDATE table1, table2 SET field1=new_value1, field2=new_value2, ... WHERE table1.id1 = table2.id2 AND condition;

CREATE / DELETE / MODIFY TABLE

Create

CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2);
CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, INDEX (field));
CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, PRIMARY KEY (field1));
CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, PRIMARY KEY (field1,field2));
CREATE TABLE table1 (fk_field1 type1, field2 type2, ..., FOREIGN KEY (fk_field1) REFERENCES table2 (t2_fieldA)) [ON UPDATE|ON DELETE] [CASCADE|SET NULL]
CREATE TABLE table1 (fk_field1 type1, fk_field2 type2, ..., FOREIGN KEY (fk_field1, fk_field2) REFERENCES table2 (t2_fieldA, t2_fieldB))
CREATE TABLE table IF NOT EXISTS;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE table;

Drop

DROP TABLE table;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS table;
DROP TABLE table1, table2, ...

Alter

ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1
ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1 NOT NULL ...
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1 NOT NULL ...
ALTER TABLE table ALTER field1 SET DEFAULT ...
ALTER TABLE table ALTER field1 DROP DEFAULT
ALTER TABLE table ADD new_name_field1 type1
ALTER TABLE table ADD new_name_field1 type1 FIRST
ALTER TABLE table ADD new_name_field1 type1 AFTER another_field
ALTER TABLE table DROP field1
ALTER TABLE table ADD INDEX (field);

Change field order

ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1 FIRST
ALTER TABLE table MODIFY field1 type1 AFTER another_field
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1 FIRST
ALTER TABLE table CHANGE old_name_field1 new_name_field1 type1 AFTER another_field

KEYS

CREATE TABLE table (..., PRIMARY KEY (field1, field2))
CREATE TABLE table (..., FOREIGN KEY (field1, field2) REFERENCES table2 (t2_field1, t2_field2))

USERS AND PRIVILEGES

CREATE USER 'user'@'localhost';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON base.* TO 'user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, DELETE ON base.* TO 'user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON base.* FROM 'user'@'host'; -- one permission only
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM 'user'@'host'; -- all permissions
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('new_pass');
SET PASSWORD FOR 'user'@'host' = PASSWORD('new_pass');
SET PASSWORD = OLD_PASSWORD('new_pass');
DROP USER 'user'@'host';

MAIN DATA TYPES

  • TINYINT (1o: -128 to +127)
  • SMALLINT (2o: +-65 000)
  • MEDIUMINT (3o: +-16 000 000)
  • INT (4o: +- 2 000 000 000)
  • BIGINT (8o: +-9.10^18)
  • FLOAT(M,D)
  • DOUBLE(M,D)
  • FLOAT(D=0->53)
  • TIME (HH:MM)
  • YEAR (AAAA)
  • DATE (AAAA-MM-JJ)
  • DATETIME (AAAA-MM-JJ HH:MM; annĂ©es 1000->9999)
  • TIMESTAMP (like DATETIME, but 1970->2038, compatible with Unix)
  • VARCHAR (single-line; explicit size)
  • TEXT (multi-lines; max size=65535)
  • BLOB (binary; max size=65535)

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