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LikeTheSalad / aaper

Ensure Android runtime permissions using annotations only

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androidpermission-androidannotationsgradle-plugin

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Aaper

Table of Contents

What it is

Annotated Android Permissions takes care of ensuring Android runtime permissions for an EnsurePermissions-annotated method inside either an Activity or a Fragment. The idea is to do so without having to override any Activity and/or Fragment method related to runtime permission requests and also without having to duplicate the code that handles the overall requests' processes thanks to Aaper's reusable strategies.

Default behavior example

<!--Your AndroidManifest.xml-->

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <!--THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT!!-->
    <uses-permission
        android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />  <!--Declare the permission in your manifest. Otherwise the runtime request won't work.-->
</manifest>
// Aaper usage  

class MyActivity/MyFragment {

    override fun onCreate/onViewCreated(...) {
    takePhotoButton.setOnClickListener {
        takePhoto()
    }
}

    @EnsurePermissions(permissions = [Manifest.permission.CAMERA])
    fun takePhoto() {
        Toast.makeText(this, "Camera permission granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
    }
}

Just by adding the EnsurePermissions annotation to takePhoto(), what will happen (by default) when we run that code and click on the takePhotoButton button is:

  • Aaper will check if your app has the CAMERA permission already granted.
  • If already granted, Aaper will proceed to run takePhoto() right away and it will all end there.
  • If NOT granted, Aaper will NOT run takePhoto() right away, and rather will proceed to run the default permission RequestStrategy which is to launch the System's permission dialog asking the user to grant the CAMERA permission.
  • If the user approves it, Aaper will proceed to run takePhoto().
  • If the user denies it, the default behavior is just not running takePhoto().

Aaper's default behavior can be easily changed if you wanted to, you can find more details below under Changing the default behavior.

How to use

As we could see above in the default behavior example, there are two things we need to do in order to use Aaper into our Activities or Fragments:

  • Step one: Make sure that the permissions you'll request with Aaper are defined in your AndroidManifest.xml file too. If you attempt to request a permission at runtime that isn't in your manifest, the OS will silently ignore your request.
  • Step two: Annotate an Activity or Fragment method with the @EnsurePermissions annotation where you provide a list of permissions (that are also defined in your AndroidManifest.xml) that such method needs in order to work properly. Alternatively, you can also pass an optional parameter named strategy, where you can specify the behavior of handling such permissions' request. More info below under Changing the default behavior.

That's it, if you want to know how to modify Aaper's behavior to suit your needs, take a look at Changing the default behavior.

It is very important to bear in mind that the @EnsurePermissions annotation only works on methods inside either an Activity or a Fragment, more specifically, an androidx.fragment.app.Fragment Fragment. Any @EnsurePermissions annotated method that isn't inside of either an Activity or a Fragment will be ignored.

Changing the default behavior

Aaper's permission requests behavior is fully customizable, you can define what to do before and after a permission request is executed, and even how the request is executed, by creating your own RequestStrategy class. The way Aaper works is by delegating the request actions to a RequestStrategy instance, you can tell Aaper which strategy to use by:

  • Specifying the strategy in the @EnsurePermissions annotation.
  • Setting your own RequestStrategy as default.

Custom Strategy example

We'll create a custom strategy that will finish the host Activity in the case that at least one of the permissions requested by Aaper is denied.

We'll start by creating our class that extends from ActivityRequestStrategy:

class FinishActivityOnDeniedStrategy : ActivityRequestStrategy() {

    override fun onPermissionsRequestResults(
        host: Activity,
        data: PermissionsResult
    ): Boolean {
        TODO("Not yet implemented")
    }
}

There are three types of RequestStrategy base classes that we can choose from when creating our custom RequestStrategy, those are:

  • ActivityRequestStrategy - Only supports EnsurePermissions-annotated methods inside Activities.

  • FragmentRequestStrategy - Only supports EnsurePermissions-annotated methods inside Fragments.

  • AllRequestStrategy - Supports both Activities and Fragment classes' EnsurePermissions-annotated methods.

    All three have the same structure and same base methods, the main difference from an implementation point of view, would be the type of host provided in their base functions, for example in the method onPermissionsRequestResults we see that our host is of type Activity, because we extend from ActivityRequestStrategy, whereas if we extended from FragmentRequestStrategy, the host will be a Fragment. For AllRequestStrategy, the host is Any or Object and you'd have to check its type manually in order to verify whether the current request is for an Activity or a Fragment.

In this example, we will annotate a method inside an Activity and nowhere else, therefore ActivityRequestStrategy seems to suit better for this case.

We must provide for every custom RequestStrategy a boolean as response for the onPermissionsRequestResults method, depending on what we return there, this is what will happen after a permission request is executed:

  • If onPermissionsRequestResults returns TRUE, it means that the request was successful in our Strategy and therefore the EnsurePermissions-annotated method will get executed.
  • If onPermissionsRequestResults returns FALSE, it means that the request failed in our Strategy and therefore the EnsurePermissions-annotated method will NOT get executed.

For our example, this is what it will end up looking like:

class FinishActivityOnDeniedStrategy : ActivityRequestStrategy() {

    override fun onPermissionsRequestResults(
        host: Activity,
        data: PermissionsResult
    ): Boolean {
        if (data.denied.isNotEmpty()) {
            // At least one permission was denied.  
            host.finish()
            return false // So that the annotated method doesn't get called.  
        }

        // No permissions were denied, therefore proceed to call the annotated method.  
        return true
    }
}

As we can see in onPermissionsRequestResults, we check the denied permissions list we get from data, and verify whether it's not empty, which would mean that there are some denied permissions, therefore our Strategy will treat the request process as failed and will return false so that the annotated method won't get called, and before that, we call host.finish(), in order to close our Activity too.

If the denied permissions list is empty, it means that all of the requested permissions were approved, therefore our Strategy will treat the request process as successful and will return true in order to proceed to call the annotated method.

Other configurable aspects of a RequestStrategy

You can customize other things in your custom RequestStrategy, such as the requestCode of the permission's request for example, by overriding the getRequestCode() method. You can also change the behavior of the pre-request action, for example if you want to display some information before requesting for some permissions, you can do so as well. More info on this, below under Changing the pre-request behavior.

Finally, you can even change things such as how to launch a System's permission dialog request, and also how to change the way your Strategy queries the current granted permissions of your app, by overriding the respective RequestStrategy getters. More info on this, below under Advanced configuration.

Using our custom Strategy

Use it per annotation param only

This can be achieved by passing our strategy type into the EnsurePermissions annotation, like so:

@EnsurePermissions(
    permissions = [(PERMISSION NAMES)],
    strategy = FinishActivityOnDeniedStrategy::class
)
fun methodThatNeedsThePermissions() {
    //...
}

Or, Set it as the default strategy

We can set our custom RequestStrategy as default for all the annotated methods by doing the following:

// Application.onCreate  
// ...  
Aaper.setDefaultStrategy(FinishActivityOnDeniedStrategy::class.java)

After doing so, you won't have to explicitly pass FinishActivityOnDenied::class to the EnsurePermissions annotation in order to use this custom strategy, as it will be the default one.

Changing the pre-request behavior

Sometimes we want to do something right before launching our permissions request, such as displaying an information message that explains the users why our app needs the permissions that it is about to request.

In order to make our custom RequestStrategy able to handle those cases, we can override the method onBeforeLaunchingRequest, which is called right before launching the System's permissions request dialog. Following our previous example, if we override such method, our custom strategy will look like the following:

class FinishActivityOnDeniedStrategy : ActivityRequestStrategy() {

    // Other methods...  

    override fun onBeforeLaunchingRequest(
        host: Activity,
        data: PermissionsRequest,
        request: RequestRunner
    ): Boolean {
        return super.onBeforeLaunchingRequest(host, data, request)
    }
}

The onBeforeLaunchingRequest method returns a boolean which by default is FALSE.

  • When onBeforeLaunchingRequest returns FALSE, it allows Aaper to proceed to launch the System's permissions request dialog.
  • When onBeforeLaunchingRequest returns TRUE, Aaper won't launch the System's permission request dialog, and rather it'll have to be run manually by the RequestStrategy at some point, this is achieved by calling the RequestRunner.run() method of the request parameter passed to onBeforeLaunchingRequest.

The onBeforeLaunchingRequest method provides us with three parameters, host, data (contains the permissions requested for the annotated method) and the RequestRunner.

RequestRunner is a runnable object that, when is run, it launches the System's permission request dialog. This method should only be called if the onBeforeLaunchingRequest method returns TRUE, which means that the Strategy will do some operation prior to the permission request. When the pre-request process is done and the RequestStrategy wants to proceed launching the System's permission dialog, it then must call RequestRunner.run().

Example

In this example, we use a dialog with a single button, if the user clicks on it, then we launch the permissions request, otherwise we don't.

// My custom RequestStrategy  

// ...  
override fun onBeforeLaunchingRequest(
    host: Activity,
    data: PermissionsRequest,
    request: RequestRunner
): Boolean {
    val infoDialog = AlertDialog.Builder(host).setPositiveButton("CONTINUE") { _, _ ->
        // When the user has read the information and wants to continue.  
        request.run() // Execute the runnable to launch the System's permission dialog.  
    }.setTitle("We need these permissions")
        .setMessage("Pretty please approve the permissions :(")
        .create()

    infoDialog.show()

    return true // This is so that Aaper doesn't launch the permissions request as we're going to launch it manually.  
}

Adding Aaper into your project

Prerequisites

Android Gradle plugin >= 7.4.0

Aaper relies on the transformation API added in the Android Gradle plugin version 7.2.0 and the Scoped Artifacts API added in 7.4.0. Combined they allow to add and modify bytecode at compile time using ASM. This allows Aaper to write all the boilerplate code for you, therefore it will be required for your project to use at least version 7.4.0 of the Android Gradle plugin or higher.

Aaper Gradle dependency

In order to add the Aaper plugin into your project, you just have to add the following line into your app's build.gradle plugins block:

id 'com.likethesalad.aaper' version '3.0.0'

Full app's build.gradle example:

// Your app's build.gradle file  
plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'com.likethesalad.aaper' version '3.0.0'
}

Troubleshooting

The OS permission request dialog doesn't show up

Make sure that the permissions you've added to the EnsurePermissions annotation are ALSO added to your AndroidManifest.xml file. The Android OS will ignore any permission request for permissions not listed within your app's manifest.

Advanced configuration

Creating a custom RequestStrategyFactory

Aaper's behavior is all about its RequestStrategy objects, and the way Aaper can access to them is through an instance of RequestStrategyFactory. By default, the RequestStrategyFactory that Aaper will use is the DefaultRequestStrategyFactory, if you need to change it, take a look at Using your custom RequestStrategyFactory.

The DefaultRequestStrategyFactory implementation instantiates strategies that have either a constructor with an android.content.Context, or an empty constructor. If the strategy has a Context param, the Application context will be passed.

Sometimes it might be needed to pass some parameters to instantiate your strategies that are not covered by the default strategy factory implementation. For these cases, you can create your own implementation of RequestStrategyFactory, where you'd be able to provide your own RequestStrategy instances the way you'd like the most, either by creating them on-demand or just by storing them in memory, or both. Implementing from RequestStrategyFactory is pretty straightforward as it only requires you to override one method:

class MyRequestStrategyFactory : RequestStrategyFactory {

    override fun <T : RequestStrategy<out Any>> getStrategy(host: Any, type: Class<T>): T {
        // Return an instance of the strategy of type `type`.
    }
}

Using your custom RequestStrategyFactory

After you've created your own RequestStrategyFactory, you'll need to pass it to Aaper like so:

package my.app

class MyApp : Application() {
    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()
        val myRequestStrategyFactory = MyRequestStrategyFactory()
        Aaper.setRequestStrategyFactory(myRequestStrategyFactory) // You can only call this method once.
    }
}

NOTE: Make sure your application class is set in your AndroidManifest.xml file as shown below:

<!--Your AndroidManifest.xml-->

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <!--yada yada...-->

    <!--You need to add your application class (shown above) to the manifest too (if you don't have it already) as shown below-->
    <application android:name="my.app.MyApplication">
        <!--yada yada...-->
    </application>
</manifest>

And that's it, Aaper will now use your custom RequestStrategyFactory in order to get all of the Strategies it needs.

Overriding permission's status query and request launch

There are two methods in every RequestStrategy that provide the tools to both, querying if a permission is granted, and also to launch a set of permissions' request. Those methods are getPermissionStatusProvider, which provides an instance of PermissionStatusProvider, and getRequestLauncher, which provides an instance of RequestLauncher. More info on these classes in the javadoc: https://javadoc.io/doc/com.likethesalad.android/aaper-api.

For the PermissionStatusProvider class, the default behavior for both Activity and Fragment is to use androidx.core.content.ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission, and for the RequestLauncher one, the Activity's implementation makes use of ActivityCompat.requestPermissions, whereas for Fragment's implementation, the requestPermissions method is called straight from the host Fragment itself.

The defaults for both Activity and Fragment operations should suffice for all cases, though if for whatever reason you'd like to customize these actions, you can just override the aforementioned getters in your custom RequestStrategy and provide your own implementations for these classes.

License

MIT License  

Copyright (c) 2020 LikeTheSalad.  

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy  
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal  
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights  
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell  
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is  
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:  

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all  
copies or substantial portions of the Software.  

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR  
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,  
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE  
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER  
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,  
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE  
SOFTWARE.

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Ensure Android runtime permissions using annotations only

androidpermission-androidannotationsgradle-plugin

License:MIT License

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