Builds a raspbian-based ramdisk environment for migrate raspbian to BalenaOS
The ramdisks are loaded fully into RAM at boot time, after which the SD card is not touched.
This repository uses git submodules. Clone with --recursive or after cloning
the repository run:
git submodule update --init --recursive
Note that shallow cloning usually won't be possible because most of the upstream repositories do not allow shallow cloning arbitrary commits, only the tips of branches and tags.
rpi-ramdisk uses a build tool called pydo which has been developed specifically to handle complex builds which don't produce executables and libraries. You must first install it:
cd pydo && pip3 install .
rpi-ramdisk uses multistrap to collect packages. multistrap requires apt and as such is only supported on Debian based systems. It may be possible to use it on other distributions, but this has not been tested.
In addition you need the following packages to build rpi-ramdisk:
For Ubuntu 18.04:
sudo apt install libc6:i386 libstdc++6:i386 libgcc1:i386 \
libncurses5:i386 libtinfo5:i386 zlib1g:i386 \
build-essential git bc python zip wget gettext \
autoconf automake libtool pkg-config autopoint \
bison flex libglib2.0-dev gobject-introspection \
multistrap fakeroot fakechroot proot cpio \
qemu-user binfmt-support makedev \
gtk-doc-tools valac python3.7-minimal
This dependency list may be incomplete. If so, please report a bug on github.
Some build dependencies need to be fairly new:
Git >= 2.12 is needed for "rev-parse --absolute-git-dir". It is available in Ubuntu 17.10 and newer, or from this PPA if you are on an older release:
https://launchpad.net/~git-core/+archive/ubuntu/ppa
Qemu >= 3.1 is needed for the getrandom() syscall. It is available in Ubuntu 19.04 and newer. You can get it from the Ubuntu Cloud Archive, Stein repository for Ubuntu 18.04:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/OpenStack/CloudArchive
Proot >= 5.1.0-1.3 is needed for the renameat2() syscall. It is available in Ubuntu 19.04 and newer. It is available in this PPA for Ubuntu 18.04:
https://launchpad.net/~a-j-buxton/+archive/ubuntu/backports/
Multistrap/apt needs public keys to verify the repositories. You must import the required keys into your local gpg keyring with the following commands:
gpg --recv-key 9165938D90FDDD2E # raspbian-archive-keyring
gpg --recv-key 82B129927FA3303E # raspberrypi-archive-keyring
You should take necessary steps to ensure that you have authentic versions of these keys. Once received, rpi-ramdisk will export them as and when required.
On Ubuntu 16.04 you will also need to import these keys into the host apt trusted keys with the following commands:
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 9165938D90FDDD2E
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 82B129927FA3303E
You may also need to do this on Ubuntu 16.10, 17.04, 17.10 but it is not necessary on 18.04 and later.
To build rpi-ramdisk the pydo build tool is used. First initialize the project:
cd rpi-ramdisk
pydo --init
To build the whole project run:
pydo :build
To clean the whole project run:
pydo :clean
The build produces a boot/ directory containing everything needed to boot.
The SD card first primary partition should be fat formatted. (This is the default for new, blank SD cards.) Copy the contents of the boot directory onto the fat partition on the SD card. Put the SD card in the Raspberry Pi and turn it on.
USB mass storage booting must be enabled first:
https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/msd.md
Then the procedure is the same as SD card booting: copy the contents of the boot directory to the mass storage device, plug it in, and turn on.
Copy bootcode.bin to the fat partition on your SD card. Scons generates a
dnsmasq.conf with the correct paths, so now just run dnsmasq:
sudo dnsmasq -C dnsmasq.conf
Now put the SD card in the Pi and boot. Wired ethernet must be connected. You can leave dnsmasq running across rebuilds as the boot directory is not deleted and recreated.
Note: TFTP booting is sometimes unreliable due to:
As a workaround, enabling UART debugging seems to help reliability. rpi-ramdisk now does this by default.
Build rpiboot from:
https://github.com/raspberrypi/usbboot
Connect a Pi Zero or similar using a USB cable. Then run:
sudo rpiboot -d boot
Note: initrd images larger than about 28MB may be too big to boot using this method, see:
rpi-ramdisk now installs the mass storage mode firmware for videocore. This makes USB device
capable Raspberry Pis export their SD card as a mass storage device which can be mounted on
the host PC for copying updated boot files. This is implemented using bootcode.bin GPIO
filters. See raspberrypi/firmware#1076
To enter this mode pull GPIO 5 low when powering on the device. The GPIO can be modified in
firmware/config.txt.