EzhilsreeJ / MODULE-6

EXPERIMENT-41-REVERSE ARRAY ELEMENTS

AIM:

To develop a program that prints the elements of an array in reverse order.

ALGORITHM:

1. Begin the program.
2. Declare integer variables n and i to store the size of the array and loop counters respectively.
3. Declare an integer array arr with a maximum size of 100 to store the elements.
4. Read the value of n representing the size of the array.
5. Declare an integer pointer p and point it to the last element of the array (&arr[n-1]).
6. Use a loop to read the elements of the array from the user and store them in the array arr.
7. Declare an integer variable m and assign it the value of n.
8. Use a loop to iterate through the array in reverse order:
   • Print the current element along with its index in the format: "element - [index] : [element_value] ".
   • Decrement the pointer p to point to the previous element.
   • Decrement the value of m.
9. End the program.

PROGRAM:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int n,i;
    int arr[100];
    scanf("%d",&n);
    int *p;
    p=&arr[n-1];
    
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
    }
    int m;
    m=n;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
       printf("element - %d : %d  ",m,*p--); 
       m--;
    }
}

SAMPLE OUTPUT :

OUTPUT :

RESULT:

Thus the required program is written and executed successfully.

EXPERIMENT-42-PRINT ARRAY ELEMENTS USING POINTER

AIM:

To write a program that prints the elements of an array using pointer arithmetic.

ALGORITHM:

1. Begin the program.
2. Declare an integer variable n to store the size of the array.
3. Read the value of n representing the size of the array.
4. Declare an integer array array of size n to store the elements.
5. Declare an integer pointer ptr.
6. Use a loop to read the elements of the array from the user and store them in the array array.
7. Initialize the pointer ptr to point to the first element of the array (array).
8. Use a loop to iterate through the array elements using pointer arithmetic:
   • Print the current element pointed to by ptr.
   • Increment the pointer ptr to point to the next element.
9. End the program.

PROGRAM:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int n;
    scanf("%d",&n);
    int array[n];
    int *ptr;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    scanf("%d",&array[i]);
    for(ptr=array;ptr<array+n;ptr++)
    printf("the elements are %d\n",*ptr);
}   

SAMPLE OUTPUT :

OUTPUT :

RESULT:

Thus the required program is written and executed successfully.

EXPERIMENT-43-DYNAMIC MEMORY ALLOCATION FOR AN INTEGER ARRAY

AIM:

To demonstrate dynamic memory allocation for an integer array using malloc() function.

ALGORITHM:

1. Begin the program.
2. Declare an integer pointer arr.
3. Allocate memory for the array dynamically using malloc() to store 3 integers.
4. Check if memory allocation is successful:
   • If memory allocation fails, print an error message and exit the program.
5. Assign values to the elements of the array:
   • Assign 101 to the first element.
   • Assign 201 to the second element.
   • Assign 301 to the third element.
6. Print the elements of the array.
7. Free the allocated memory using free().
8. End the program.

PROGRAM:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {

    int *arr = (int *)malloc(3 * sizeof(int));
    
    
    if (arr == NULL) {
        printf("Memory allocation failed. Exiting program.\n");
        return 1; 
    }
    
   
    arr[0] = 101;
    arr[1] = 201;
    arr[2] = 301;
    
    
    printf("%d\n%d\n%d\n", arr[0], arr[1], arr[2]);

    free(arr);
    
    return 0; 
}

OUTPUT :

RESULT:

Thus the required program is written and executed successfully.

EXPERIMENT-44-MULTIPLY FOUR FLOATING POINT NUMBERS

AIM:

To multiply four floating-point numbers entered by the user and print the result.

ALGORITHM:

1. Begin the program.
2. Declare four floating-point variables n1, n2, n3, and n4 to store the input numbers.
3. Declare a floating-point variable sum to store the result of the multiplication.
4. Prompt the user to enter four floating-point numbers n1, n2, n3, and n4.
5. Read the four floating-point numbers entered by the user.
6. Calculate the product of the four numbers and store it in the variable sum using the formula:

   sum = n1 * n2 * n3 * n4;
   

7. Print the result with an appropriate message.
8. End the program.

PROGRAM:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    float n1,n2,n3,n4,sum=0;
    scanf("%f%f%f%f",&n1,&n2,&n3,&n4);
    sum=n1*n2*n3*n4;
    printf("The result is %f",sum);
    return 0;
    
}

SAMPLE OUTPUT :

OUTPUT :

RESULT:

Thus the required program is written and executed successfully.

EXPERIMENT-45-BOOK DETAILS USING STRUCTURE

AIM:

To store and display details of multiple books using a structure in C.

ALGORITHM:

1. Begin the program.
2. Define a structure named Book with the following members:
   • title: to store the title of the book (array of characters)
   • author: to store the author of the book (array of characters)
   • publication: to store the publication of the book (array of characters)
   • price: to store the price of the book (floating-point number)
3. Declare an array of structures books of size 3 to store details of 3 books.
4. Use a loop to input details of each book from the user:
   • Prompt the user to enter the title, author, publication, and price of the book.
   • Read these details and store them in the respective members of the current structure in the array.
5. Use another loop to display details of each book:
   • Print the title, author, publication, and price of each book stored in the array.
6. End the program.

PROGRAM:

#include <stdio.h>

// Define structure for book
struct Book {
    char title[100];
    char author[100];
    char publication[100];
    float price;
};

int main() {
    // Declare an array of structures to hold details of 3 books
    struct Book books[3];
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        scanf("%s", books[i].title);
        scanf("%s", books[i].author);
        scanf("%s", books[i].publication);
        scanf("%f", &books[i].price);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        printf("Title: %s\n", books[i].title);
        printf("Author: %s\n", books[i].author);
        printf("Publication: %s\n", books[i].publication);
        printf("Price: %.2f", books[i].price);
    }
    
    return 0;
}

OUTPUT :

RESULT:

Thus the required program is written and executed successfully.

EXPERIMENT-46-EMPLOYEE DETAILS USING STRUCTURE

AIM:

To read and display details of an employee using a structure and functions in C.

ALGORITHM:

1. Begin the program.
2. Define a structure named Employee with the following members:
   • id: to store the employee ID (integer)
   • name: to store the name of the employee (array of characters)
   • salary: to store the salary of the employee (floating-point number)
3. Define a function named readEmployeeDetails that takes a pointer to struct Employee as an argument:
   • Inside the function, prompt the user to enter employee details such as ID, name, and salary.
   • Read these details and store them in the respective members of the employee structure.
4. Define a function named displayEmployeeDetails that takes a struct Employee as an argument:
   • Inside the function, print the employee details such as ID, name, and salary.
5. In the main function:
   • Declare a variable of type struct Employee named emp.
   • Call the readEmployeeDetails function, passing the address of the emp variable.
   • Call the displayEmployeeDetails function, passing the emp variable.
6. End the program.

PROGRAM:

#include <stdio.h>

// Define structure for employee
struct Employee {
    int id;
    char name[100];
    float salary;
};

// Function to read employee details
void readEmployeeDetails(struct Employee *emp) {
    //printf("Enter employee ID: ");
    scanf("%d", &emp->id);
    //printf("Enter employee name: ");
    scanf("%s", emp->name);
    scanf("%f", &emp->salary);
}

// Function to display employee details
void displayEmployeeDetails(struct Employee emp) {
    printf("Id is: %d\n", emp.id);
    printf("Name is: %s\n", emp.name);
    printf("salary is: %.2f\n", emp.salary);
}

int main() {
    struct Employee emp; // Declare an employee structure
    
    // Read details of employee
    readEmployeeDetails(&emp);
    displayEmployeeDetails(emp);
    
    return 0;
}

OUTPUT :

RESULT:

Thus the required program is written and executed successfully.

EXPERIMENT-47-STUDENT DETAILS SORTING

AIM:

To read details of students including their names and addresses, sort them based on their names, and display the sorted list.

ALGORITHM:

1. Begin the program.
2. Define a constant MAX_LENGTH to represent the maximum length of strings (e.g., names and addresses).
3. Define a structure named Student with the following members:
   • stud_name: to store the name of the student (array of characters)
   • address: to store the address of the student (array of characters)
4. Define a function named swap that takes two pointers to struct Student as arguments:
   • Inside the function, swap the contents of the two structures.
5. Define a function named sortStudents that takes an array of struct Student and an integer n as arguments:
   • Implement the bubble sort algorithm to sort the student structures based on their names.
6. In the main function:
   • Read the number of students n.
   • Declare an array of struct Student named students with size n.
   • Use a loop to read details of each student (name and address) and store them in the array.
   • Call the sortStudents function to sort the array of students based on their names.
   • Use another loop to display the sorted list of student details (name and address).
7. End the program.

PROGRAM:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_LENGTH 100

// Define structure for student
struct Student {
    char stud_name[MAX_LENGTH];
    char address[MAX_LENGTH];
};

// Function to swap two student structures
void swap(struct Student *a, struct Student *b) {
    struct Student temp = *a;
    *a = *b;
    *b = temp;
}

// Function to perform bubble sort on student structures based on stud_name
void sortStudents(struct Student students[], int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {
            if (strcmp(students[j].stud_name, students[j + 1].stud_name) > 0) {
                swap(&students[j], &students[j + 1]);
            }
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    int n;
    
    scanf("%d", &n);

    struct Student students[n];

  
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        scanf("%s %[^\n]", students[i].stud_name, students[i].address);
    }

   
    sortStudents(students, n);

   
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        printf("%s      %s\n", students[i].stud_name, students[i].address);
    }

    return 0;
}

SAMPLE OUTPUT :

OUTPUT :

RESULT:

Thus the required program is written and executed successfully.

EXPERIMENT-48-ELECTRICITY BILL CALCULATION

AIM:

To calculate the electricity bill based on the previous and current meter readings, considering different tariff rates for various units consumed.

ALGORITHM:

1. Begin the program.
2. Define a structure named ElectricityBill with the following members:
   • serviceNo: to store the service number of the customer (integer)
   • name: to store the name of the customer (array of characters)
   • prevReading: to store the previous meter reading (integer)
   • currReading: to store the current meter reading (integer)
   • unitsConsumed: to store the units of electricity consumed (integer)
   • amount: to store the calculated electricity bill amount (float)
3. Define a function named calculateElectricityBill that takes a pointer to struct ElectricityBill as an argument:
   • Calculate the units consumed by subtracting the current reading from the previous reading.
   • Based on the units consumed, calculate the electricity bill amount using the following tariff rates:
     • For the first 100 units: Rs. 2.00 per unit
     • For the next 200 units (101 to 300): Rs. 3.00 per unit
     • For units above 300: Rs. 5.00 per unit
   • Update the amount and unitsConsumed members of the structure.
4. In the main function:
   • Declare a variable bill of type struct ElectricityBill.
   • Read the service number, name, previous reading, and current reading of the customer.
   • Call the calculateElectricityBill function, passing the address of bill.
   • Print the service number, name, units consumed, and amount to be paid.
5. End the program.

PROGRAM:

#include <stdio.h>

// Structure definition for Electricity Bill
struct ElectricityBill {
    int serviceNo;
    char name[100];
    int prevReading;
    int currReading;
    int unitsConsumed;
    float amount;
};

// Function to calculate electricity bill
void calculateElectricityBill(struct ElectricityBill *bill) {
    int units = - bill->currReading + bill->prevReading;

    if (units <= 100) {
        bill->amount = units * 2.00;
    } else if (units > 100 && units <= 300) {
        bill->amount = 100 * 2.00 + (units - 100) * 3.00;
    } else {
        bill->amount = 100 * 2.00 + 200 * 3.00 + (units - 300) * 5.00;
    }

    bill->unitsConsumed = units;
}

int main() {
    struct ElectricityBill bill;

    
    scanf("%d", &bill.serviceNo);
    scanf("%s", bill.name);
    scanf("%d", &bill.prevReading);
    scanf("%d", &bill.currReading);

    // Calculating electricity bill
    calculateElectricityBill(&bill);

    printf("service number:%d\n", bill.serviceNo);
    printf("service name:%s\n", bill.name);
    printf("unit consumption:%d\n", bill.unitsConsumed);
    printf("amount:%.2f\n", bill.amount);

    return 0;
}

SAMPLE OUTPUT :

OUTPUT :

RESULT:

Thus the required program is written and executed successfully.