EhabElSherif / Digital-Communications

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Digital Communication Project

Name: Ehab Rabie Amin
Section: 1
BN.: 14


A) Binary Phase Shift Keying Modulation - BPSK

= Definition:

Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) is a two phase modulation scheme, where the 0’s and 1’s in a binary message are represented by two different phase states in the carrier signal: θ=0 for binary 1 and θ=180 for binary 0.
The channel used is an additive white gaussian noise (AWGN).

= Reproducing Figures Steps:

1. Random Integer Generator

  • Initial seed = 37
  • Sample time = 0.1s
  • Samples per frame = 100
  • Number of bits = 2 bits

2. AWGN Channel

  • Initial seed = 67
  • Number of bits per symbol = 1
  • Input signal power = 1
  • Symbol period = 1s
  • Simulation time = 1000s

3. BER Diagram Range=[-10:0.5:10]

4. Modulation Type=PSK 4. Modulation Order=2

= Block diagram:

= Modulated message before adding noise:

= Modulated message after adding noise:

= Bit error rate diagram:

B) Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Modulation - QPSK

= Definition:

The Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a variation of BPSK, and it is also a Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier (DSBSC) modulation scheme, which sends two bits of digital information at a time, called as bigits.
Instead of the conversion of digital bits into a series of digital stream, it converts them into bit pairs. This decreases the data bit rate to half, which allows space for the other users.
The channel used is an additive white gaussian noise (AWGN).

= Reproducing Figures Steps:

1. Random Integer Generator

  • Initial seed = 37
  • Sample time = 0.1s
  • Samples per frame = 100
  • Number of bits = 4 bits

2. AWGN Channel

  • Initial seed = 67
  • Number of bits per symbol = 1
  • Input signal power = 1
  • Symbol period = 1s
  • Simulation time = 1000s

3. BER Diagram Range=[-10:0.5:10]

4. Modulation Type=OQPSK 4. Modulation Order=4

= Block diagram:

= Modulated message before adding noise:

= Modulated message after adding noise:

= Bit error rate diagram:

C) Frequency Shift Keying Modulation - FSK

= Definition:

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) is the digital modulation technique in which the frequency of the carrier signal varies according to the digital signal changes. FSK is a scheme of frequency modulation.
The output of a FSK modulated wave is high in frequency for a binary High input and is low in frequency for a binary Low input. The binary 1s and 0s are called Mark and Space frequencies.
The channel used is an additive white gaussian noise (AWGN).

= Reproducing Figures Steps:

1. Random Integer Generator

  • Initial seed = 37
  • Sample time = 0.1s
  • Samples per frame = 100
  • Number of bits = 8 bits

2. AWGN Channel

  • Initial seed = 67
  • Number of bits per symbol = 1
  • Input signal power = 1
  • Symbol period = 1s
  • Simulation time = 1000s

3. BER Diagram Range=[-10:0.5:10]

4. Modulation Type=OFSK 4. Modulation Order=8

= Block diagram:

= Modulated message before adding noise:

= Modulated message after adding noise:

= Bit error rate diagram:

D) Quadrature Amplitude Modulation:

= Definition:

The Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a variation of BPSK, and it is also a Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier (DSBSC) modulation scheme, which sends two bits of digital information at a time, called as bigits.
Instead of the conversion of digital bits into a series of digital stream, it converts them into bit pairs. This decreases the data bit rate to half, which allows space for the other users.
The channel used is an additive white gaussian noise (AWGN).

D.1) 16QAM:

1. Random Integer Generator

  • Initial seed = 37
  • Sample time = 0.1s
  • Samples per frame = 100
  • Number of bits = 16 bits

2. AWGN Channel

  • Initial seed = 67
  • Number of bits per symbol = 1
  • Input signal power = 1
  • Symbol period = 1s
  • Simulation time = 1000s

3. BER Diagram Range=[-10:0.5:10]

4. Modulation Type=QAM 4. Modulation Order=16

= Block diagram:

= Modulated message before adding noise:

= Modulated message after adding noise:

= Bit error rate diagram:

D.2) 64QAM:

1. Random Integer Generator

  • Initial seed = 37
  • Sample time = 0.1s
  • Samples per frame = 100
  • Number of bits = 64 bits

2. AWGN Channel

  • Initial seed = 67
  • Number of bits per symbol = 1
  • Input signal power = 1
  • Symbol period = 1s
  • Simulation time = 1000s

3. BER Diagram Range=[-10:0.5:10]

4. Modulation Type=QAM 4. Modulation Order=64

= Block diagram:

= Modulated message before adding noise:

= Modulated message after adding noise:

= Bit error rate diagram:

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