Using Truffle with the Avalanche C-Chain
Truffle Suite is a toolkit for launching decentralized applications (dapps) on the EVM. With Truffle you can write and compile smart contracts, build artifacts, run migrations and interact with deployed contracts. This tutorial illustrates how Truffle can be used with Avalanche's C-Chain, which is an instance of the EVM.
You've completed Run an Avalanche Node and are familiar with Avalanche's architecture.
Avalanche is an incredibly lightweight protocol, so the minimum computer requirements are quite modest.
- Hardware: 2 GHz or faster CPU, 4 GB RAM, 2 GB hard disk.
- OS: Ubuntu >= 18.04 or Mac OS X >= Catalina.
- Software: Go version >= 1.15.5 and set up
$GOPATH. - Network: IPv4 or IPv6 network connection, with an open public port.
Clone the AvalancheGo repository:
go get -v -d github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/...
cd ~/go/src/github.com/ava-labs/avalanchego/Build Avalanche using the build script:
./scripts/build.shThe Avalanche binary, named avalanchego, is in the build directory.
- Make sure you have docker installed on your machine (so commands like
docker runetc. are available). - Build the docker image of latest avalanchego branch by
./scripts/build_image.sh. - Check the built image by
docker image ls, you should see some image taggedavalanchego-xxxxxxxx, wherexxxxxxxxis the commit id of the Avalanche source it was built from. - Test Avalanche by
docker run -ti -p 9650:9650 -p 9651:9651 avalanchego-xxxxxxxx /avalanchego/build/avalanchego --network-id=local --staking-enabled=false --snow-sample-size=1 --snow-quorum-size=1. (For a production deployment, you may want to extend the docker image with required credentials for staking and TLS.)
To connect to the Avalanche Mainnet, run:
./build/avalanchegoYou should see some pretty ASCII art and log messages.
You can use Ctrl+C to kill the node.
To connect to the Fuji Testnet, run:
./build/avalanchego --network-id=fujiTo create a single node testnet, run:
./build/avalanchego --network-id=local --staking-enabled=false --snow-sample-size=1 --snow-quorum-size=1This launches an Avalanche network with one node.
Open a new terminal tab to so we can create a truffle directory and install some further dependencies.
First, navigate to the directory within which you intend to create your truffle working directory:
cd /path/to/directory
Create and enter a new directory named truffle:
mkdir truffle; cd truffle
Use npm to install web3, which is a library through which we can talk to the EVM:
npm install web3 -s
We'll use web3 to set an HTTP Provider which is how web3 will speak to the EVM. Lastly, create a boilerplace truffle project:
truffle init
Update truffle-config.js One of the files created when you ran truffle init is truffle-config.js. Add the following to truffle-config.js.
const Web3 = require('web3');
const protocol = "http";
const ip = "localhost";
const port = 9650;
module.exports = {
networks: {
development: {
provider: function() {
return new Web3.providers.HttpProvider(`${protocol}://${ip}:${port}/ext/bc/C/rpc`)
},
network_id: "*",
gas: 3000000,
gasPrice: 470000000000,
timeoutBlocks: 60 // must be greater than Web3's default (50)
}
}
};
Note that you can change the protocol, ip and port if you want to direct API calls to a different AvalancheGo node. Also note that we're setting the gasPrice and gas to the appropriate values for the Avalanche C-Chain.
In the contracts directory add a new file called Storage.sol and add the following block of code:
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.4.22 <0.8.0;
/**
* @title Storage
* @dev Store & retrieve value in a variable
*/
contract Storage {
uint256 number;
/**
* @dev Store value in variable
* @param num value to store
*/
function store(uint256 num) public {
number = num;
}
/**
* @dev Return value
* @return value of 'number'
*/
function retrieve() public view returns (uint256){
return number;
}
}
Storage is a solidity smart contract which lets us write a number to the blockchain via a store function and then read the number back from the blockchain via a retrieve function.
Create a new file in the migrations directory named 2_deploy_contracts.js, and add the following block of code. This handles deploying the Storage smart contract to the blockchain. const Storage = artifacts.require("Storage");
module.exports = function (deployer) {
deployer.deploy(Storage);
};
Any time you make a change to Storage.sol you need to run truffle compile.
truffle compile
You should see:
Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Compiling ./contracts/Migrations.sol
> Compiling ./contracts/Storage.sol
> Artifacts written to /path/to/build/contracts
> Compiled successfully using:
- solc: 0.5.16+commit.9c3226ce.Emscripten.clang
When deploying smart contracts to the C-Chain, truffle will default to the first available account provided by your C-Chain client as the from address used during migrations.
Truffle has a very useful console which we can use to interact with the blockchain and our contract. Open the console:
truffle console --network development
Then, in the console, create the account:
truffle(development)> let account = await web3.eth.personal.newAccount()
This returns:
undefined
Print the account:
truffle(development)> account
This prints the account:
'0x090172CD36e9f4906Af17B2C36D662E69f162282'
truffle(development)> await web3.eth.personal.unlockAccount(account[0])
true
Follow the steps in the Transfer AVAX Between X-Chain and C-Chain tutorial to fund the newly created account. You'll need to send at least 135422040 nAVAX to the account to cover the cost of contract deployments.
Now everything is in place to run migrations and deploy the Storage contract:
truffle migrate --network development
You should see:
Migrations dry-run (simulation)
===============================
> Network name: 'development-fork'
> Network id: 1
> Block gas limit: 8000000 (0x7a1200)
1_initial_migration.js
======================
Replacing 'Migrations'
----------------------
> block number: 25053
> block timestamp: 1611664511
> account: 0xDBe18A793Ae04ebE3e1Ed89764c4e15954799A17
> balance: 4.66610851
> gas used: 176943 (0x2b32f)
> gas price: 470 gwei
> value sent: 0 ETH
> total cost: 0.08316321 ETH
-------------------------------------
> Total cost: 0.08316321 ETH
2_deploy_contracts.js
=====================
Replacing 'Storage'
-------------------
> block number: 25055
> block timestamp: 1611664512
> account: 0xDBe18A793Ae04ebE3e1Ed89764c4e15954799A17
> balance: 4.60805082
> gas used: 96189 (0x177bd)
> gas price: 470 gwei
> value sent: 0 ETH
> total cost: 0.04520883 ETH
-------------------------------------
> Total cost: 0.04520883 ETH
Summary
=======
> Total deployments: 2
> Final cost: 0.12837204 ETH
Starting migrations...
======================
> Network name: 'development'
> Network id: 1
> Block gas limit: 8000000 (0x7a1200)
1_initial_migration.js
======================
Replacing 'Migrations'
----------------------
> transaction hash: 0x91feb388f2ff3fd03c14be8a0d94351366b1cde0716981df65238de9ac55255c
> Blocks: 0 Seconds: 0
> contract address: 0xE2F7Ed031aF0B7A27f3bF11AAa2e1aFD6501442E
> block number: 25053
> block timestamp: 1611664512
> account: 0xDBe18A793Ae04ebE3e1Ed89764c4e15954799A17
> balance: 4.74927172
> gas used: 191943 (0x2edc7)
> gas price: 470 gwei
> value sent: 0 ETH
> total cost: 0.09021321 ETH
> Saving migration to chain.
> Saving artifacts
-------------------------------------
> Total cost: 0.09021321 ETH
2_deploy_contracts.js
=====================
Replacing 'Storage'
-------------------
> transaction hash: 0x0c6bb15eb865e8077d67e055789624c24fcc69defedbf3522ac3f6bb8e1b3fce
> Blocks: 0 Seconds: 0
> contract address: 0xe269848b62025E1BDFd3643c5cDc3D8a4D70Ca2f
> block number: 25055
> block timestamp: 1611664514
> account: 0xDBe18A793Ae04ebE3e1Ed89764c4e15954799A17
> balance: 4.74927172
> gas used: 96189 (0x177bd)
> gas price: 470 gwei
> value sent: 0 ETH
> total cost: 0.04520883 ETH
> Saving migration to chain.
> Saving artifacts
-------------------------------------
> Total cost: 0.04520883 ETH
Summary
=======
> Total deployments: 2
> Final cost: 0.13542204 ETH
If you didn't create an account on the C-Chain you'll see this error:
Error: Expected parameter 'from' not passed to function.
If you didn't fund the account, you'll see this error:
Error: *** Deployment Failed ***
"Migrations" could not deploy due to insufficient funds
* Account: 0x090172CD36e9f4906Af17B2C36D662E69f162282
* Balance: 0 wei
* Message: sender doesn't have enough funds to send tx. The upfront cost is: 1410000000000000000 and the sender's account only has: 0
* Try:
+ Using an adequately funded account
If you didn't unlock the account, you'll see this error:
Error: *** Deployment Failed ***
"Migrations" -- Returned error: authentication needed: password or unlock.
Now the Storage contract has been deployed. Let's write a number to the blockchain and then read it back. Open the truffle console again:
truffle console --network development
Get an instance of the deployed Storage contract:
truffle(development)> let instance = await Storage.deployed()
This returns:
undefined
Now that you have an instance of the Storage contract, call it's store method and pass in a number to write to the blockchain.
truffle(development)> instance.store(1234)
If you see this error:
Error: Returned error: authentication needed: password or unlock
Then run this again:
node web3_script.js
You should see something like:
{
tx: '0x11e58447abebf7eee4d8f6bdaaf832e48c40bbcf76f295e5b642ab4a09f51676',
receipt: {
blockHash: '0xad6f129c6f4a06e19c017a03f857cb90ac266880262c2b3e6ebd19c32a41f863',
blockNumber: 25061,
contractAddress: null,
cumulativeGasUsed: 41458,
from: '0xdbe18a793ae04ebe3e1ed89764c4e15954799a17',
gasUsed: 41458,
logs: [],
logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
status: true,
to: '0xe269848b62025e1bdfd3643c5cdc3d8a4d70ca2f',
transactionHash: '0x11e58447abebf7eee4d8f6bdaaf832e48c40bbcf76f295e5b642ab4a09f51676',
transactionIndex: 0,
rawLogs: []
},
logs: []
}
To read the number from the blockchain, call the retrieve method of the Storage contract instance.
truffle(development)> let i = await instance.retrieve()
This should return:
undefined
The result of the call to retrieve is a BN (big number). Call its .toNumber method to see the value:
truffle(development)> i.toNumber()
You should see the number you stored.
1234
Now you have the tools you need to launch a local Avalanche network, create a truffle project, as well as create, compile, deploy and interact with Solidity contracts.