krangl

krangl is a {K}otlin library for data w{rangl}ing. By implementing a grammar of data manipulation using a modern functional-style API, it allows to filter, transform aggregate and reshape tabular data.

krangl is heavily inspired by the amazing dplyr for R. krangl is written in Kotlin, excels in Kotlin, but emphasizes as well on good java-interop. It is mimicking the API of dplyr, while carefully adding more typed constructs where possible.

Installation

To get started simply add it as a dependency via Jcenter:

compile "de.mpicbg.scicomp:krangl:0.6"

You can also use JitPack with Maven or Gradle to build the latest snapshot as a dependency in your project.

repositories {
    maven { url 'https://jitpack.io' }
}
dependencies {
        compile 'com.github.holgerbrandl:krangl:-SNAPSHOT'
}

Features

Filter, transform, aggregate and reshape tabular data
Modern, user-friendly and easy-to-learn data-science API
Reads from plain and compressed tsv, csv, or any delimited format with or without header from local or remote
Supports grouped operations
Ships with JDBC support
Tables can contain atomic columns (int, double, boolean) as well as object columns
Reshape tables from wide to long and back
Table joins (left, right, semi, inner, outer)
Cross tabulation
Descriptive statistics (mean, min, max, median, ...)
Functional API inspired by dplyr, pandas, and Kotlin stdlib
many more...

krangl is just about data wrangling. For data visualization we recommend kravis which seamlessly integrates with krangl and implements a grammar to build a wide variety of plots.

Examples

// Read data-frame from disk
val iris = DataFrame.fromCSV("data/iris.txt")


// Create data-frame in memory
val df: DataFrame = dataFrameOf(
    "first_name", "last_name", "age", "weight")(
    "Max", "Doe", 23, 55,
    "Franz", "Smith", 23, 88,
    "Horst", "Keanes", 12, 82
)

// Or from csv
// val otherDF = DataFrame.fromCSV("path/to/file")

// Print rows
df                              // with implict string conversion using default options
df.print(colNames = false)      // with custom printing options

// Print structure
df.glimpse()


// Add columns with mutate
// by adding constant values as new column
df.addColumn("salary_category") { 3 }

// by doing basic column arithmetics
df.addColumn("age_3y_later") { it["age"] + 3 }

// Note: krangl dataframes are immutable so we need to (re)assign results to preserve changes.
val newDF = df.addColumn("full_name") { it["first_name"] + " " + it["last_name"] }

// Also feel free to mix types here since krangl overloads  arithmetic operators like + for dataframe-columns
df.addColumn("user_id") { it["last_name"] + "_id" + rowNumber }

// Create new attributes with string operations like matching, splitting or extraction.
df.addColumn("with_anz") { it["first_name"].asStrings().map { it!!.contains("anz") } }

// Note: krangl is using 'null' as missing value, and provides convenience methods to process non-NA bits
df.addColumn("first_name_initial") { it["first_name"].asStrings().mapNonNull { first().toString() } }

// or add multiple columns at once
df.addColumns(
    "age_plus3" to { it["age"] + 3 },
    "initials" to { it["first_name"].map<String> { it.first() } + it["last_name"].map<String> { it.first() } }
)


// Sort your data with sortedBy
df.sortedBy("age")
// and add secondary sorting attributes as varargs
df.sortedBy("age", "weight")
df.sortedByDescending("age")
df.sortedBy { it["weight"].asInts() }


// Subset columns with select
df.select2 { it is IntCol } // functional style column selection
df.select("last_name", "weight")    // positive selection
df.remove("weight", "age")  // negative selection
df.select({ endsWith("name") })    // selector mini-language


// Subset rows with vectorized filter
df.filter { it["age"] eq 23 }
df.filter { it["weight"] gt 50 }
df.filter({ it["last_name"].asStrings().map { it!!.startsWith("Do") }.toBooleanArray() })

df.filter({ it["last_name"].asStrings().map { it!!.startsWith("Do") }.toBooleanArray() })

// In case vectorized operations are not possible we can also filter tables by row which allows for scalar operators
df.filterByRow { it["age"] as Int > 5 }


// Summarize

// do simple cross tabulations
df.count("age", "last_name")

// ... or calculate single summary statistic
df.summarize("mean_age" to { it["age"].mean(true) })

// ... or multiple summary statistics
df.summarize(
    "min_age" to { it["age"].min() },
    "max_age" to { it["age"].max() }
)

// for sake of r and python adoptability you also use `=` here
df.summarize(
    "min_age" `=` { it["age"].min() },
    "max_age" `=` { it["age"].max() }
)

// Grouped operations
val groupedDf: DataFrame = df.groupBy("age") // or provide multiple grouping attributes with varargs
val sumDF = groupedDf.summarize(
    "mean_weight" to { it["weight"].mean(removeNA = true) },
    "num_persons" to { nrow }
)

// Optionally ungroup the data
sumDF.ungroup().print()

// generate object bindings for kotlin.
// Unfortunately the syntax is a bit odd since we can not access the variable name by reflection
sumDF.printDataClassSchema("sumDF")

// This will generate and print the following conversion code:
data class SumDF(val age: Int, val mean_weight: Double, val num_persons: Int)

val records = sumDF.rows.map { row -> SumDF(row["age"] as Int, row["mean_weight"] as Double, row["num_persons"] as Int) }

// Now we can use the krangl result table in a strongly typed way
records.first().mean_weight

// Vice versa we can also convert an existing set of objects into
val dfRestored = records.asDataFrame { mapOf("age" to it.age, "weight" to it.mean_weight) }
dfRestored.print()

Support & Documentation

krangl is not yet mature, full of bugs and its API is in constant flux. Nevertheless, feel welcome to submit pull-requests or tickets, or simply get in touch via gitter (see button on top).

Krangl Introduction A presentation from June 2016 (sources)
Krangl User Guide for detailed information about the API and usage examples.
API Docs for detailed information about the API including manu usage examples
Developer Information with details about to build, test, release and improve krangl
Roadmap complementing the tracker with where the project is heading
TBD krangl Cheat Sheet

FAQ

How to rewrite common SQL bits with krangl?

select this, that from there where that >5

df.select("this", "that").filter{ it["that"] gt 5 }

References

Similar APIs (not just Kotlin)

Scala DataTable: a lightweight, in-memory table structure written in Scala
joinery: Data frames for Java
tablesaw which is (according to authors) the The simplest way to slice data in Java
paleo which provides immutable Java 8 data frames with typed columns
agate: A Python data analysis library that is optimized for humans instead of machines
pandas provides high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools for python (cheatsheet)
dplyr which is a grammar of data manipulation (R-lang)

Other data-science projects:

vectorz: Fast and flexible numerical library for Java featuring N-dimensional arrays
koma is a scientific computing library written in Kotlin, designed to allow development of cross-platform numerical applications
termsql converts text from a file or from stdin into SQL table and query it instantly. Uses sqlite as backend.
kotliquery is a handy database access library
Dex : The Data Explorer A data visualization tool written capable of powerful ETL and publishing web visualizations

Data Visualization

kravis which implements a Kotlin DSL for scientific data visualization
XChart is a light weight Java library for plotting data
Charts in TornadoFX

DALDEI / krangl