Redistricting practitioners must balance many competing constraints and criteria when drawing district boundaries. To aid in this process, researchers have developed many methods for optimizing districting plans according to one or more criteria. This research note extends a recently-proposed single-criterion optimization method, short bursts (Cannon et al. 2023), to handle the multi-criterion case, and in doing so approximate the Pareto frontier for any set of constraints. We study the empirical performance of the method in a realistic setting and find it behaves as expected and is not very sensitive to algorithmic parameters. The proposed approach, which is implemented in open-source software, should allow researchers and practitioners to better understand the tradeoffs inherent to the redistricting process.
To replicate the figures and analyses in the paper, run the scripts in replication/ in order:
lapply(sort(Sys.glob("replication/*.R")), source)Then run quarto::quarto_render("paper/pareto.qmd") to generate the paper.
The methods described in the paper are implemented in the redist software. As of the time of writing (i.e., before version 4.2 is released), you will need the development version installed.