A JUnit rule to easily override Dagger 2 objects
More info about testing using Dagger 2 and Mockito are available in this Medium post.
Overriding an object managed by Dagger 2 is not easy, you need to define a TestModule and, if you want to inject your test object, a TestComponent.
Using a DaggerMockRule it's possible to override easily (in Java or Kotlin) the objects defined in a Dagger module:
public class MainServiceTest {
@Rule public DaggerMockRule<MyComponent> rule = new DaggerMockRule<>(MyComponent.class, new MyModule())
.set(new DaggerMockRule.ComponentSetter<MyComponent>() {
@Override public void setComponent(MyComponent component) {
mainService = component.mainService();
}
});
@Mock RestService restService;
@Mock MyPrinter myPrinter;
MainService mainService;
@Test
public void testDoSomething() {
when(restService.getSomething()).thenReturn("abc");
mainService.doSomething();
verify(myPrinter).print("ABC");
}
}class MainServiceTest {
@get:Rule val rule = DaggerMock.rule<MyComponent>(MyModule()) {
set { mainService = it.mainService() }
}
val restService: RestService = mock()
val myPrinter: MyPrinter = mock()
lateinit var mainService: MainService
@Test
fun testDoSomething() {
whenever(restService.something).thenReturn("abc")
mainService.doSomething()
verify(myPrinter).print("ABC")
}
}When DaggerMockRule rule is instantiated, it looks for all @Mock annotated fields in your test class
and it replaces them with Mockito mocks if there is a provider method in your module for that class.
Then it uses all the test fields to override the objects defined in the Dagger configuration.
Note: DaggerMock invokes
MockitoAnnotations.initMocksbefore the test. Hence, just adding theDaggerMockRuleis not enough: you additionally need to annotate any field you want to mock with@Mockor@Spy(even if you don't have to define behavior orverifythings on the mock).
Note: static and null fields can't be used by DaggerMock.
In this example
MyModule
contains two methods to provide RestService and MyPrinter objects. Behind the scenes, the
DaggerMockRule rule dynamically creates a new module that overrides MyModule, it returns the mocks
for restService and myPrinter defined in the test instead of the real objects, like this:
public class TestModule extends MyModule {
@Override public MyPrinter provideMyPrinter() {
return Mockito.mock(MyPrinter.class);
}
@Override public RestService provideRestService() {
return Mockito.mock(RestService.class);
}
}DaggerMock can't override Dagger objects that are defined using Inject annotation, since version 0.6
you get a runtime error if the test contains a field of a class that is not defined in a module.
All the modules containing objects that are going to be replaced must be provided in the DaggerMockRule constructor.
A DaggerMockRule can also be used in an Espresso test:
public class MainActivityTest {
@Rule public DaggerMockRule<MyComponent> daggerRule = new DaggerMockRule<>(MyComponent.class, new MyModule())
.set(new DaggerMockRule.ComponentSetter<MyComponent>() {
@Override public void setComponent(MyComponent component) {
App app = (App) InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getApplicationContext();
app.setComponent(component);
}
});
@Rule public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> activityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class, false, false);
@Mock RestService restService;
@Mock MyPrinter myPrinter;
@Test
public void testCreateActivity() {
when(restService.getSomething()).thenReturn("abc");
activityRule.launchActivity(null);
verify(myPrinter).print("ABC");
}
}class MainActivityTest {
@get:Rule val daggerRule = DaggerMock.rule<MyComponent>(MyModule()) {
set {
val app = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().targetContext.applicationContext as App
app.component = it
}
}
@get:Rule var activityRule = ActivityTestRule(MainActivity::class.java, false, false)
val restService: RestService = mock()
val myPrinter: MyPrinter = mock()
@Test fun testCreateActivity() {
whenever(restService.something).thenReturn("abc")
activityRule.launchActivity(null)
verify(myPrinter).print("ABC")
}
}In this example the third parameter launchActivity of the ActivityTestRule constructor is set to false to manually
launch the Activity. This way it's possible to define behaviour on the mocks before the creation of the Activity, and
verify things on your mocks in your tests.
In a similar way a DaggerMockRule can be used in a Robolectric test:
@RunWith(RobolectricGradleTestRunner.class)
@Config(constants = BuildConfig.class, sdk = 21)
public class MainActivityTest {
@Rule public final DaggerMockRule<MyComponent> rule = new DaggerMockRule<>(MyComponent.class, new MyModule())
.set(new DaggerMockRule.ComponentSetter<MyComponent>() {
@Override public void setComponent(MyComponent component) {
((App) RuntimeEnvironment.application).setComponent(component);
}
});
@Mock RestService restService;
@Mock MyPrinter myPrinter;
@Test
public void testCreateActivity() {
when(restService.getSomething()).thenReturn("abc");
Robolectric.setupActivity(MainActivity.class);
verify(myPrinter).print("ABC");
}
}@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner::class)
@Config(constants = BuildConfig::class, sdk = intArrayOf(21))
class MainActivityTest {
@get:Rule val rule = DaggerMock.rule<MyComponent>(MyModule()) {
set { (RuntimeEnvironment.application as App).component = it }
}
val restService: RestService = mock()
val myPrinter: MyPrinter = mock()
@Test fun testCreateActivity() {
whenever(restService.something).thenReturn("abc")
Robolectric.setupActivity(MainActivity::class.java)
verify(myPrinter).print("ABC")
}
}Note for Linux and Mac Users: working directory must be manually configured in Android Studio. More info on Robolectric site.
DaggerMock is used in the Just Another Android App project, you can see an example of a robolectric test here.
In the first example we have used a ComponentSetter subclass to retrieve an object from the component:
@Rule public DaggerMockRule<MyComponent> rule = new DaggerMockRule<>(MyComponent.class, new MyModule())
.set(new DaggerMockRule.ComponentSetter<MyComponent>() {
@Override public void setComponent(MyComponent component) {
mainService = component.mainService();
}
});
MainService mainService;Since DaggerMock 0.6 this code can be written in an easier way using InjectFromComponent annotation:
public class MainServiceTest {
@Rule public final DaggerMockRule<MyComponent> rule = new DaggerMockRule<>(MyComponent.class, new MyModule());
@Mock RestService restService;
@Mock MyPrinter myPrinter;
@InjectFromComponent MainService mainService;
@Test
public void testDoSomething() {
when(restService.getSomething()).thenReturn("abc");
mainService.doSomething();
verify(myPrinter).print("ABC");
}
}class MainServiceTest {
@get:Rule val rule = DaggerMock.rule<MyComponent>(MyModule())
val restService: RestService = mock()
val myPrinter: MyPrinter = mock()
@InjectFromComponent lateinit var mainService: MainService
@Test fun testDoSomething() {
whenever(restService.something).thenReturn("abc")
mainService.doSomething()
verify(myPrinter).print("ABC")
}
}Many objects managed by Dagger are only injected in other objects and are not exposed in a component. For example if the MainService object is injected in MainActivity we can use the following annotation:
@InjectFromComponent(MainActivity.class) MainService mainService;A MainActivity object is created using reflection, the inject method is invoked on this object and then the mainService field is extracted and used to populate the test field.
It's easy to create a DaggerMockRule subclass to avoid copy and paste and simplify the test code:
public class MyRule extends DaggerMockRule<MyComponent> {
public MyRule() {
super(MyComponent.class, new MyModule());
set(new DaggerMockRule.ComponentSetter<MyComponent>() {
@Override public void setComponent(MyComponent component) {
App app = (App) InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getApplicationContext();
app.setComponent(component);
}
});
}
}In Kotlin a method that creates the rule can be easily defined:
fun myRule() =
DaggerMock.rule<MyComponent>(MyModule()) {
set {
val app = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().targetContext.applicationContext as App
app.component = it
}
}The final test uses the rule subclass:
public class MainActivityTest {
@Rule public MyRule daggerRule = new MyRule();
@Rule public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> activityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class, false, false);
@Mock RestService restService;
@Mock MyPrinter myPrinter;
@Test
public void testCreateActivity() {
when(restService.getSomething()).thenReturn("abc");
activityRule.launchActivity(null);
verify(myPrinter).print("ABC");
}
}Since version 0.6 Dagger subcomponents are supported by DaggerMock with a limitation: subcomponent module must be passed as parameter in subcomponent creation method. For example if the subcomponent is defined as follows:
@Subcomponent(modules = MainActivityModule.class)
public interface MainActivityComponent {
void inject(MainActivity mainActivity);
}The method in the main component that creates the subcomponent must be defined using a module parameter:
@Singleton
@Component(modules = AppModule.class)
public interface AppComponent {
MainActivityComponent activityComponent(MainActivityModule module);
}Subcomponent support doesn't work on Dagger 2.0, you need to use Dagger version 2.1+. A complete example is available here.
Dagger Android is supported with some limitations:
- JVM tests are not supported, DaggerMock can be used only in Espresso tests
- objects defined in subcomponent/dependent component cannot be replaces, DaggerMock works only for objects defined in application component
- application must be set manually using
customizeBuildermethod:
public class EspressoDaggerMockRule extends DaggerMockRule<AppComponent> {
public EspressoDaggerMockRule() {
super(AppComponent.class, new AppModule());
customizeBuilder(new BuilderCustomizer<AppComponent.Builder>() {
@Override public AppComponent.Builder customize(AppComponent.Builder builder) {
return builder.application(getApp());
}
});
set(new DaggerMockRule.ComponentSetter<AppComponent>() {
@Override public void setComponent(AppComponent component) {
component.inject(getApp());
}
});
}
private static App getApp() {
return (App) InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getApplicationContext();
}
}A complete example is available here.
DaggerMock can be used in both Java and Kotlin projects. Kotlin classes are final by default, you need to open them to create mocks using Mockito (and to use DaggerMock). There are three ways to solve this problem:
- define classes as
open: the big drawback is that classes are open also in production code - use mock-maker or mockito-inline dependency and dexopener: a demo is available in RealWorldAppKotlin module
- use kotlin-allopen: a demo is available in RealWorldAppKotlinAllOpen module
DaggerMock is available on JitPack, add the JitPack repository in your build.gradle (in top level dir):
repositories {
jcenter()
maven { url "https://jitpack.io" }
}and the dependency in the build.gradle of the module:
dependencies {
testCompile 'com.github.fabioCollini.daggermock:daggermock:0.8.2'
//and/or
androidTestCompile 'com.github.fabioCollini.daggermock:daggermock:0.8.2'
//kotlin helper methods
testCompile 'com.github.fabioCollini.daggermock:daggermock-kotlin:0.8.2'
//and/or
androidTestCompile 'com.github.fabioCollini.daggermock:daggermock-kotlin:0.8.2'
}Copyright 2016-2017 Fabio Collini
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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