go-zero
go-zero is a web and rpc framework with lots of builtin engineering practices. Itโs born to ensure the stability of the busy services with resilience design and has been serving sites with tens of millions of users for years.
๐คทโ What is go-zero?
English | ็ฎไฝไธญๆ
go-zero (listed in CNCF Landscape: https://landscape.cncf.io/?selected=go-zero) is a web and rpc framework with lots of builtin engineering practices. Itโs born to ensure the stability of the busy services with resilience design and has been serving sites with tens of millions of users for years.
go-zero contains simple API description syntax and code generation tool called goctl
. You can generate Go, iOS, Android, Kotlin, Dart, TypeScript, JavaScript from .api files with goctl
.
Advantages of go-zero:
- improve the stability of the services with tens of millions of daily active users
- builtin chained timeout control, concurrency control, rate limit, adaptive circuit breaker, adaptive load shedding, even no configuration needed
- builtin middlewares also can be integrated into your frameworks
- simple API syntax, one command to generate a couple of different languages
- auto validate the request parameters from clients
- plenty of builtin microservice management and concurrent toolkits
Backgrounds of go-zero
At the beginning of 2018, we decided to re-design our system, from monolithic architecture with Java+MongoDB to microservice architecture. After research and comparison, we chose to:
- Golang based
- great performance
- simple syntax
- proven engineering efficiency
- extreme deployment experience
- less server resource consumption
- Self-designed microservice architecture
- I have rich experience in designing microservice architectures
- easy to locate the problems
- easy to extend the features
Design considerations on go-zero
By designing the microservice architecture, we expected to ensure stability, as well as productivity. And from just the beginning, we have the following design principles:
- keep it simple
- high availability
- stable on high concurrency
- easy to extend
- resilience design, failure-oriented programming
- try best to be friendly to the business logic development, encapsulate the complexity
- one thing, one way
After almost half a year, we finished the transfer from a monolithic system to microservice system and deployed on August 2018. The new system guaranteed business growth and system stability.
The implementation and features of go-zero
go-zero is a web and rpc framework that integrates lots of engineering practices. The features are mainly listed below:
- powerful tool included, less code to write
- simple interfaces
- fully compatible with net/http
- middlewares are supported, easy to extend
- high performance
- failure-oriented programming, resilience design
- builtin service discovery, load balancing
- builtin concurrency control, adaptive circuit breaker, adaptive load shedding, auto-trigger, auto recover
- auto validation of API request parameters
- chained timeout control
- auto management of data caching
- call tracing, metrics, and monitoring
- high concurrency protected
As below, go-zero protects the system with a couple of layers and mechanisms:
The simplified architecture that we use with go-zero
Installation
Run the following command under your project:
go get -u github.com/zeromicro/go-zero
Upgrade
To upgrade from versions eariler than v1.3.0, run the following commands.
go install github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/tools/goctl@latest
goctl migrate โverbose โversion v1.4.3
Quick Start
-
full examples can be checked out from below:
-
install goctl
goctl
can be read asgo control
.goctl
means not to be controlled by code, instead, we control it. The insidego
is notgolang
. At the very beginning, I was expecting it to help us improve productivity, and make our lives easier.# for Go 1.15 and earlier GO111MODULE=on go get -u github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/tools/goctl@latest # for Go 1.16 and later go install github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/tools/goctl@latest # For Mac brew install goctl # docker for amd64 architecture docker pull kevinwan/goctl # run goctl like docker run --rm -it -v `pwd`:/app kevinwan/goctl goctl --help # docker for arm64 (M1) architecture docker pull kevinwan/goctl:latest-arm64 # run goctl like docker run --rm -it -v `pwd`:/app kevinwan/goctl:latest-arm64 goctl --help
make sure goctl is executable.
-
create the API file, like greet.api, you can install the plugin of goctl in vs code, api syntax is supported.
type ( Request { Name string `path:"name,options=[you,me]"` // parameters are auto validated } Response { Message string `json:"message"` } ) service greet-api { @handler GreetHandler get /greet/from/:name(Request) returns (Response) }
the .api files also can be generated by goctl, like below:
goctl api -o greet.api
-
generate the go server-side code
goctl api go -api greet.api -dir greet
the generated files look like:
โโโ greet โ โโโ etc โ โ โโโ greet-api.yaml // configuration file โ โโโ greet.go // main file โ โโโ internal โ โโโ config โ โ โโโ config.go // configuration definition โ โโโ handler โ โ โโโ greethandler.go // get/put/post/delete routes are defined here โ โ โโโ routes.go // routes list โ โโโ logic โ โ โโโ greetlogic.go // request logic can be written here โ โโโ svc โ โ โโโ servicecontext.go // service context, mysql/redis can be passed in here โ โโโ types โ โโโ types.go // request/response defined here โโโ greet.api // api description file
the generated code can be run directly:
cd greet go mod init go mod tidy go run greet.go -f etc/greet-api.yaml
by default, itโs listening on port 8888, while it can be changed in the configuration file.
you can check it by curl:
curl -i http://localhost:8888/greet/from/you
the response looks like below:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Sun, 30 Aug 2020 15:32:35 GMT Content-Length: 0
-
Write the business logic code
- the dependencies can be passed into the logic within servicecontext.go, like mysql, reds, etc.
- add the logic code in a logic package according to .api file
-
Generate code like Java, TypeScript, Dart, JavaScript, etc. just from the api file
goctl api java -api greet.api -dir greet goctl api dart -api greet.api -dir greet ...
Benchmark
Documents
- Documents
- Rapid development of microservice systems
- Rapid development of microservice systems - multiple RPCs
- Examples
Chat group
Join the chat via https://discord.gg/4JQvC5A4Fe
Cloud Native Landscape
go-zero enlisted in the CNCF Cloud Native Landscape.
โญ
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