Arthur151 / PeopleSansPeople

Unity's privacy-preserving human-centric synthetic data generator

PeopleSansPeople: A Synthetic Data Generator for Human-Centric Computer Vision

   

Paper     macOS and Linux Binaries     Demo Video

Salehe Erfanian Ebadi, You-Cyuan Jhang, Alex Zook, Saurav Dhakad,
Adam Crespi, Pete Parisi, Steven Borkman, Jonathan Hogins, Sujoy Ganguly
Unity Technologies

Summary

• We introduce PeopleSansPeople, a human-centric privacy-preserving synthetic data generator with highly parametrized domain randomization.
• PeopleSansPeople contains simulation-ready 3D human assets, a parameterized lighting and camera system, and generates 2D and 3D bounding box, instance and semantic segmentation, and COCO pose labels.
• We use naïve ranges for the domain randomization and generate a synthetic dataset with labels.
• We provide some guarantees and analysis of human activities, poses, and context diversity on our synthetic data.
• We found that pre-training a network using synthetic data and fine-tuning on target real-world data (COCO-person train) resulted in few-shot transfer keypoint AP of 60.37 ± 0.48 (COCO test-dev2017) outperforming models trained with the same real data alone (keypoint AP of 55.80) and pre-trained with ImageNet (keypoint AP of 57.50).

Abstract (click to expand)

In recent years, person detection and human pose estimation have made great strides, helped by large-scale labeled datasets. However, these datasets had no guarantees or analysis of human activities, poses, or context diversity. Additionally, privacy, legal, safety, and ethical concerns may limit the ability to collect more human data. An emerging alternative to real-world data that alleviates some of these issues is synthetic data. However, creation of synthetic data generators is incredibly challenging and prevents researchers from exploring their usefulness. Therefore, we release a human-centric synthetic data generator PeopleSansPeople which contains simulation-ready 3D human assets, a parameterized lighting and camera system, and generates 2D and 3D bounding box, instance and semantic segmentation, and COCO pose labels. Using PeopleSansPeople, we performed benchmark synthetic data training using a Detectron2 Keypont R-CNN variant. We found that pre-training a network using synthetic data and fine-tuning on target real-world data (few-shot transfer to limited subsets of COCO-person train) resulted in a keypoint AP of 60.37 ± 0.48 (COCO test-dev2017) outperforming models trained with the same real data alone (keypoint AP of 55.80) and pre-trained with ImageNet (keypoint AP of 57.50). This freely-available data generator should enable a wide range of research into the emerging field of simulation to real transfer learning in the critical area of human-centric computer vision.

Synthetic Data Generator

PeopleSansPeople executable binaries come with:

• 28 parameterized simulation-ready 3D human assets
• 39 diverse animation clips
• 21,952 unique clothing textures (from 28 albedos, 28 masks, and 28 normals)
• rameterized lighting
• Parameterized camera system
• Natural backgrounds
• Primitive occluders/distractors

A comparison between our benchmark generated data with PeopleSansPeople and the COCO person dataset.

	#train	#validation	#instances (train)	#instances w/ kpts (train)
COCO	64,115	2,693	262,465	149,813
PeopleSansPeople	490,000	10,000	>3,070,000	>2,900,000

Generated Data and Labels

PeopleSansPeople produces the following types of labels in COCO format: 2D bounding box, human keypoints, semantic and instance segmentation masks. In addition PeopleSansPeople generates 3D bounding boxes which are provided in Unity's Perception format.

           
Generated image and corresponding labels: 2D bounding box, human keypoints, semantic and instance segmentation masks in COCO format. 3D bounding box annotations are provided separately in Unity Perception format.

Benchmark Results

Here we show a comparison of gains obtained from pre-training on our synthetic data and fune-tuning on COCO person class over training from scratch and pre-training with ImageNet. For each dataset size we show the results of the best performing model.

	bbox AP (COCO person val2017)
size of real data	scratch	w/ ImageNet	w/ PeopleSansPeople	Δ / scratch	Δ / ImageNet
6411	37.82	42.53	48.97	+11.22	+6.44
32057	52.15	52.75	54.93	+2.78	+2.18

	keypoint AP (COCO person val2017)
size of real data	scratch	w/ ImageNet	w/ PeopleSansPeople	Δ / scratch	Δ / ImageNet
6411	39.48	45.99	55.21	+15.73	+9.22
32057	58.68	60.28	63.38	+4.70	+3.10

	keypoint AP (COCO test-dev2017)
size of real data	scratch	w/ ImageNet	w/ PeopleSansPeople	Δ / scratch	Δ / ImageNet
6411	37.30	44.20	52.70	+15.40	+8.50
32057	55.80	57.50	60.37	+4.57	+2.87

Simulated Clothing Appearance Diversity

Top row: our 3D human assets from RenderPeople with their original clothing textures.
Bottom row: using our Shader Graph randomizers we are able to swap out clothing texture albedos, masks, and normals, yielding very diverse-looking textures on the clothing, without needing to swap out the clothing items themselves.

Additional examples

Additional images generated with PeopleSansPeople. Notice the high diversity of lighting, camera perspectives, scene background and occluders, as well as human poses, their proximity to each other and the camera, and the clothing texture variations. Our domain randomization is done here with naïvely-chosen ranges with uniform distributions. It is possible to drastically change the look and the structure of the scenes by varying the randomizer parameters.

Citation

@article{ebadi2021peoplesanspeople,
      title={PeopleSansPeople: A Synthetic Data Generator for Human-Centric Computer Vision}, 
      author={Salehe Erfanian Ebadi and You-Cyuan Jhang and Alex Zook and Saurav Dhakad and 
      Adam Crespi and Pete Parisi and Steven Borkman and Jonathan Hogins and Sujoy Ganguly},
      year={2021},
      eprint={2112.09290},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CV}
}

Source code

Unity Environment Template here

macOS and Linux binaries here

Related links

• Watch Unity's webinar on Using Synthetic Data for Computer Vision Model Training on YouTube
• Watch our Keynote in ICCV 2021 Fifth Workshop on Computer Vision for AR/VR (CV4ARVR)
• Unity's Blog Post on Human-Centric Computer Vision with Unity Synthetic Data
• Unity's Perception Package
• Unity Computer Vision
• Unity's Perception Tutorial
• Unity's Human Pose Labeling and Randomization Tutorial
• SynthDet Project
• Robotics Object Pose Estimation Demo
• Unity Simulation Smart Camera Outdoor Example

PeopleSansPeople in the press

• VentureBeat: How the metaverse will let you simulate everything
• WIRED: Gaming Giant Unity Wants to Digitally Clone the World

License

PeopleSansPeople is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See LICENSE for the full license text.