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Better understand Bitcoin internals
main.rs code is mainly based on instructions from Technical background of version 1 Bitcoin addresses.
Added example for generating address from uncompressed puplic key.
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND OF VERSION 1 BITCOIN ADDRESSES
0 - Having a private ECDSA key
"18e14a7b6a307f426a94f8114701e7c8e774e7f9a47e2c2035db29a206321725"
1 - Take the corresponding public key generated with it (33 bytes, 1 byte 0x02 (y-coord is even), and 32 bytes corresponding to X coordinate)
COMPRESSED: "0250863ad64a87ae8a2fe83c1af1a8403cb53f53e486d8511dad8a04887e5b2352"
UNCOMPRESSED: "0450863ad64a87ae8a2fe83c1af1a8403cb53f53e486d8511dad8a04887e5b23522cd470243453a299fa9e77237716103abc11a1df38855ed6f2ee187e9c582ba6"
2 - Perform SHA-256 hashing on the public key
COMPRESSED: "0b7c28c9b7290c98d7438e70b3d3f7c848fbd7d1dc194ff83f4f7cc9b1378e98"
UNCOMPRESSED: "600ffe422b4e00731a59557a5cca46cc183944191006324a447bdb2d98d4b408"
3 - Perform RIPEMD-160 hashing on the result of SHA-256
COMPRESSED: "f54a5851e9372b87810a8e60cdd2e7cfd80b6e31"
UNCOMPRESSED: "010966776006953d5567439e5e39f86a0d273bee"
4 - Add version byte in front of RIPEMD-160 hash (0x00 for Main Network)
COMPRESSED: "00f54a5851e9372b87810a8e60cdd2e7cfd80b6e31"
UNCOMPRESSED: "00010966776006953d5567439e5e39f86a0d273bee"
(note that below steps are the Base58Check encoding, which has multiple library options available implementing it)
5 - Perform SHA-256 hash on the extended RIPEMD-160 result
COMPRESSED: "ad3c854da227c7e99c4abfad4ea41d71311160df2e415e713318c70d67c6b41c"
UNCOMPRESSED: "445c7a8007a93d8733188288bb320a8fe2debd2ae1b47f0f50bc10bae845c094"
6 - Perform SHA-256 hash on the result of the previous SHA-256 hash
COMPRESSED: "c7f18fe8fcbed6396741e58ad259b5cb16b7fd7f041904147ba1dcffabf747fd"
UNCOMPRESSED: "d61967f63c7dd183914a4ae452c9f6ad5d462ce3d277798075b107615c1a8a30"
7 - Take the first 4 bytes of the second SHA-256 hash. This is the address checksum
COMPRESSED: "c7f18fe8"
UNCOMPRESSED: "d61967f6"
8 - Add the 4 checksum bytes from stage 7 at the end of extended RIPEMD-160 hash from stage 4. This is the 25-byte binary Bitcoin Address.
COMPRESSED: "00f54a5851e9372b87810a8e60cdd2e7cfd80b6e31c7f18fe8"
UNCOMPRESSED: "00010966776006953d5567439e5e39f86a0d273beed61967f6"
9 - Convert the result from a byte string into a base58 string using Base58Check encoding. This is the most commonly used Bitcoin Address format
COMPRESSED: "1PMycacnJaSqwwJqjawXBErnLsZ7RkXUAs"
UNCOMPRESSED: "16UwLL9Risc3QfPqBUvKofHmBQ7wMtjvM"
WALLET IMPORT FORMAT
Private key to WIF
1 - Take a private key
"0c28fca386c7a227600b2fe50b7cae11ec86d3bf1fbe471be89827e19d72aa1d"
2 - Add a 0x80 byte in front of it for mainnet addresses or 0xef for testnet addresses. Also add a 0x01 byte at the end if the private key will correspond to a compressed public key
"800c28fca386c7a227600b2fe50b7cae11ec86d3bf1fbe471be89827e19d72aa1d"
3 - Perform SHA-256 hash on the extended key
"8147786c4d15106333bf278d71dadaf1079ef2d2440a4dde37d747ded5403592"
4 - Perform SHA-256 hash on result of SHA-256 hash
"507a5b8dfed0fc6fe8801743720cedec06aa5c6fca72b07c49964492fb98a714"
5 - Take the first 4 bytes of the second SHA-256 hash, this is the checksum
"507a5b8d"
6 - Add the 4 checksum bytes from point 5 at the end of the extended key from point 2
"800c28fca386c7a227600b2fe50b7cae11ec86d3bf1fbe471be89827e19d72aa1d507a5b8d"
7 - Convert the result from a byte string into a base58 string using Base58Check encoding. This is the Wallet Import Format
"5HueCGU8rMjxEXxiPuD5BDku4MkFqeZyd4dZ1jvhTVqvbTLvyTJ"
WIF to private key
1 - Take a Wallet Import Format string
"5HueCGU8rMjxEXxiPuD5BDku4MkFqeZyd4dZ1jvhTVqvbTLvyTJ"
2 - Convert it to a byte string using Base58Check encoding
"800c28fca386c7a227600b2fe50b7cae11ec86d3bf1fbe471be89827e19d72aa1d507a5b8d"
3 - Drop the last 4 checksum bytes from the byte string
"800c28fca386c7a227600b2fe50b7cae11ec86d3bf1fbe471be89827e19d72aa1d"
4 - Drop the first byte (it should be 0x80). If the private key corresponded to a compressed public key, also drop the last byte (it should be 0x01). If it corresponded to a compressed public key, the WIF string will have started with K or L instead of 5 (or c instead of 9 on testnet). This is the private key.
"0c28fca386c7a227600b2fe50b7cae11ec86d3bf1fbe471be89827e19d72aa1d"
WIF checksum checking
1 - Take a Wallet Import Format string
"5HueCGU8rMjxEXxiPuD5BDku4MkFqeZyd4dZ1jvhTVqvbTLvyTJ"
2 - Convert it to a byte string using Base58Check encoding
"800c28fca386c7a227600b2fe50b7cae11ec86d3bf1fbe471be89827e19d72aa1d507a5b8d"
3 - Drop the last 4 checksum bytes from the byte string
"800c28fca386c7a227600b2fe50b7cae11ec86d3bf1fbe471be89827e19d72aa1d"
4 - Perform SHA-256 hash on the shortened string
"8147786c4d15106333bf278d71dadaf1079ef2d2440a4dde37d747ded5403592"
5 - Perform SHA-256 hash on result of SHA-256 hash
"507a5b8dfed0fc6fe8801743720cedec06aa5c6fca72b07c49964492fb98a714"
6 - Take the first 4 bytes of the second SHA-256 hash, this is the checksum
"507a5b8d"
7 - Make sure it is the same, as the last 4 bytes from point 2
"507a5b8d"
8 - If they are, and the byte string from point 2 starts with 0x80 (0xef for testnet addresses), then there is no error.