- EC2
- List Instance ID, Type and Name
- List Instances with Public IP Address and Name
- List of VPCs and CIDR IP Block
- List of Subnets for a VPC
- List of Security Groups
- Print Security Groups for an Instance
- Edit Security Groups of an Instance
- Print Security Group Rules as FromAddress and ToPort
- Add Rule to Security Group
- Delete Rule from Security Group
- Edit Rules of Security Group
- Delete Security Group
- S3
- API Gateway
- ELB
- RDS
- ElastiCache
- Lambda
- Cloudwatch
- Route53
- SNS
- DynamoDB
- SQS
- CloudFront
- Amplify
- Cognito
- EFS
- ECR
- EKS
- IAM User
- IAM Group
๐ If you have multiple AWS Accounts, you can use bash alias like the following. So you no longer need to pass --profile
to aws
tool.
alias aws-prod="aws --profile work-prod"
alias aws-dev="aws --profile work-dev"
alias aws-self="aws --profile personal"
alias aws="aws --profile work-dev"
๐ To format aws
command output into tables, you can pipe output to column -t
.
# aws ec2 describe-instances | jq ...
i-0f112d652ecf13dac c3.x2large fisher.com
i-0b3b5128445a332db t2.nano robinson.com
# aws ec2 describe-instances | jq ... | column -t
i-0f112d652ecf13dac c3.x2large fisher.com
i-0b3b5128445a332db t2.nano robinson.com
aws ec2 describe-instances | jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[]|.InstanceId+" "+.InstanceType+" "+(.Tags[] | select(.Key == "Name").Value)'
i-0f112d652ecf13dac c3.xlarge fisher.com
i-0b3b5128445a332db t2.nano robinson.com
i-0d1c1cf4e980ac593 t2.micro nolan.com
i-004ee6b792c3b6914 t2.nano grimes-green.net
i-00f11e8e33c971058 t2.nano garrett.com
๐ Tip: You can directly put this to your /etc/hosts
aws ec2 describe-instances --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[?not_null(PublicIpAddress)]' | jq -r '.[][]|.PublicIpAddress+" "+(.Tags[]|select(.Key=="Name").Value)'
223.64.72.64 fisher.com
198.82.207.161 robinson.com
182.139.20.233 nolan.com
153.134.83.44 grimes-green.net
202.32.63.121 garrett.com
aws ec2 describe-vpcs | jq -r '.Vpcs[]|.VpcId+" "+(.Tags[]|select(.Key=="Name").Value)+" "+.CidrBlock'
vpc-0d1c1cf4e980ac593 frontend-vpc 10.0.0.0/16
vpc-00f11e8e33c971058 backend-vpc 172.31.0.0/16
aws ec2 describe-subnets --filter Name=vpc-id,Values=vpc-0d1c1cf4e980ac593 | jq -r '.Subnets[]|.SubnetId+" "+.CidrBlock+" "+(.Tags[]|select(.Key=="Name").Value)'
subnet-0dae5d4daa47fe4a2 10.0.128.0/20 Public Subnet 1
subnet-0641a25faccb01f0f 10.0.32.0/19 Private Subnet 2
subnet-09fb8038641f1f36f 10.0.0.0/19 Private Subnet 1
subnet-02a63c67684d8deed 10.0.144.0/20 Public Subnet 2
aws ec2 describe-security-groups | jq -r '.SecurityGroups[]|.GroupId+" "+.GroupName'
sg-02a63c67684d8deed backend-db
sg-0dae5d4daa47fe4a2 backend-redis
sg-0a56bff7b12264282 frontend-lb
sg-0641a25faccb01f0f frontend-https
sg-09fb8038641f1f36f internal-ssh
aws ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids i-0dae5d4daa47fe4a2 | jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[].SecurityGroups[]|.GroupId+" "+.GroupName'
sg-02a63c67684d8deed backend-db
sg-0dae5d4daa47fe4a2 backend-redis
๐ You have to provide existing Security Group IDs as well
aws ec2 modify-instance-attribute --instance-id i-0dae5d4daa47fe4a2 --groups sg-02a63c67684d8deed sg-0dae5d4daa47fe4a2
aws ec2 describe-security-groups --group-ids sg-02a63c67684d8deed | jq -r '.SecurityGroups[].IpPermissions[]|. as $parent|(.IpRanges[].CidrIp+" "+($parent.ToPort|tostring))'
223.64.72.64/32 3306
198.82.207.161/32 3306
168.244.58.160/32 3306
202.0.149.202/32 3306
212.143.80.102/32 3306
aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-id sg-02a63c67684d8deed --protocol tcp --port 443 --cidr 35.0.0.1/24
aws ec2 revoke-security-group-ingress --group-id sg-02a63c67684d8deed --protocol tcp --port 443 --cidr 35.0.0.1/24
๐ You have to provide All IP Ranges as well
aws ec2 update-security-group-rule-descriptions-ingress --group-id sg-02a63c67684d8deed --ip-permissions 'ToPort=443,IpProtocol=tcp,IpRanges=[{CidrIp=202.171.186.133/32,Description=Home}]'
aws ec2 delete-security-group --group-id sg-02a63c67684d8deed
aws s3 ls
2020-01-28 18:49:50 customer-data-primary
2020-01-28 18:50:22 customer-data-backup
2020-01-28 18:50:54 wordpress-cdn
2020-01-28 18:52:25 backend-artifacts-20200220-deployment
aws s3 ls wordpress-cdn/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/04/
2019-10-04 15:02:02 133557 amazing-content.jpg
2019-10-04 15:02:02 2986 amazing-content-103x50.jpg
2019-10-04 15:02:02 5640 amazing-content-120x120.jpg
2019-10-04 15:02:02 7924 amazing-content-150x150.jpg
aws s3 mb s3://my-awesome-new-bucket
make_bucket: my-awesome-new-bucket
aws s3 rb s3://my-awesome-new-bucket --force
aws s3 cp s3://my-awesome-new-bucket .
download: ./backup.tar from s3://my-awesome-new-bucket/backup.tar
aws s3 cp backup.tar s3://my-awesome-new-bucket
upload: ./backup.tar to s3://my-awesome-new-bucket/backup.tar
aws s3 rm s3://my-awesome-new-bucket/secret-file.gz
delete: s3://my-awesome-new-bucket/secret-file.gz
aws s3 sync s3://my-awesome-new-bucket/ /media/Passport-Ultra/Backup
aws s3 sync /home/minhaz/Downloads s3://my-awesome-new-bucket/
aws s3 presign s3://my-awesome-new-bucket/business-reports.pdf --expires-in 3600
https://my-awesome-new-bucket.s3.amazonaws.com/business-reports.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKISUENSAKSIEUAA&Expires=1582876994&Signature=kizOEA93kaIHw7uv25wSFIKLmAx
aws apigateway get-rest-apis | jq -r '.items[] | .id+" "+.name'
5e3221cf8 backend-api
69ef7d4c8 frontend-api
bb1e3c281 partner-api
f99796943 internal-crm-api
ee86b4cde import-data-api
aws apigateway get-api-keys | jq -r '.items[] | .id+" "+.name'
ee86b4cde backend-api-key
69ef7d4c8 partner-api-key
aws apigateway get-domain-names | jq -r '.items[] | .domainName+" "+.regionalDomainName'
backend-api.mdminhazulhaque.io d-ee86b4cde.execute-api.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com
frontend-api.mdminhazulhaque.io d-bb1e3c281.execute-api.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com
aws apigateway get-resources --rest-api-id ee86b4cde | jq -r '.items[] | .id+" "+.path'
ee86b4cde /{proxy+}
69ef7d4c8 /
aws apigateway get-integration --rest-api-id ee86b4cde --resource-id 69ef7d4c8 --http-method GET | jq -r '.uri'
arn:aws:lambda:ap-southeast-1:987654321:function:backend-api-function-5d4daa47fe4a2:live/invocations
aws elbv2 describe-load-balancers --query 'LoadBalancers[*].DNSName' | jq -r 'to_entries[] | .value'
frontend-lb-1220186848339.ap-southeast-1.elb.amazonaws.com
backend-lb-6208709163457.ap-southeast-1.elb.amazonaws.com
aws elbv2 describe-load-balancers | jq -r '.LoadBalancers[] | .LoadBalancerArn'
arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:ap-southeast-1:987654321:loadbalancer/app/frontend-lb/1220186848339
arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:ap-southeast-1:987654321:loadbalancer/app/backend-lb/6208709163457
aws elbv2 describe-target-groups | jq -r '.TargetGroups[] | .TargetGroupArn'
arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:ap-southeast-1:987654321:targetgroup/frontend/b6da07d35
arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:ap-southeast-1:987654321:targetgroup/backend/97ad3b13c
aws elbv2 describe-target-health --target-group-arn arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:ap-southeast-1:987654321:targetgroup/wordpress-ph/88f517d6b5326a26 | jq -r '.TargetHealthDescriptions[] | .Target.Id'
i-0b3b5128445a332db
i-0d1c1cf4e980ac593
i-00f11e8e33c971058
aws rds describe-db-clusters | jq -r '.DBClusters[] | .DBClusterIdentifier+" "+.Endpoint'
backend-prod backend-prod.cluster-b6da07d35.ap-southeast-1.rds.amazonaws.com
internal-prod internal-dev.cluster-b6da07d35.ap-southeast-1.rds.amazonaws.com
aws rds describe-db-instances | jq -r '.DBInstances[] | .DBInstanceIdentifier+" "+.DBInstanceClass+" "+.Endpoint.Address'
backend-dev db.t3.medium backend-prod.b6da07d35.ap-southeast-1.rds.amazonaws.com
internal-dev db.t2.micro internal-dev.b6da07d35.ap-southeast-1.rds.amazonaws.com
aws rds create-db-snapshot --db-snapshot-identifier backend-dev-snapshot-0001 --db-instance-identifier backend-dev
aws rds describe-db-snapshots --db-snapshot-identifier backend-dev-snapshot-0001 --db-instance-identifier general
aws rds create-db-cluster-snapshot --db-cluster-snapshot-identifier backend-prod-snapshot-0002 --db-cluster-identifier backend-prod
aws rds describe-db-cluster-snapshots --db-cluster-snapshot-identifier backend-prod-snapshot-0002 --db-cluster-identifier backend-prod
aws elasticache describe-cache-clusters | jq -r '.CacheClusters[] | .CacheNodeType+" "+.CacheClusterId'
cache.t2.micro backend-login-hk
cache.t2.micro backend-login-vn
cache.t2.micro backend-login-sg
aws elasticache describe-replication-groups | jq -r '.ReplicationGroups[] | .ReplicationGroupId+" "+.NodeGroups[].PrimaryEndpoint.Address'
backend-login-hk backend-login-hk.6da35.ng.0001.apse1.cache.amazonaws.com
backend-login-vn backend-login-vn.6da35.ng.0001.apse1.cache.amazonaws.com
backend-login-sg backend-login-sg.6da35.ng.0001.apse1.cache.amazonaws.com
aws elasticache describe-snapshots | jq -r '.Snapshots[] | .SnapshotName'
automatic.backend-login-hk-2020-02-27-00-27
automatic.backend-login-vn-2020-02-27-00-27
automatic.backend-login-sg-2020-02-27-00-27
aws elasticache create-snapshot --snapshot-name backend-login-hk-snap-0001 --replication-group-id backend-login-hk --cache-cluster-id backend-login-hk
aws elasticache delete-snapshot --snapshot-name backend-login-hk-snap-0001
aws elasticache increase-replica-count --replication-group-id backend-login-hk --apply-immediately
aws elasticache decrease-replica-count --replication-group-id backend-login-hk --apply-immediately
aws lambda list-functions | jq -r '.Functions[] | .FunctionName+" "+.Runtime+" "+(.MemorySize|tostring)'
backend-api-function nodejs8.10 512
backend-signup-email-function nodejs10.x 128
partner-api-8XJAP1VVLYA7 python3.7 128
marketing-promo-sqs-function nodejs10.x 128
aws lambda list-layers | jq -r '.Layers[] | .LayerName'
imagemagik-layer
django-layer
nodejs-extra-layer
aws lambda list-event-source-mappings | jq -r '.EventSourceMappings[] | .FunctionArn+" "+.EventSourceArn'
arn:aws:lambda:function:backend-api-function arn:aws:dynamodb:table/prod-user-list/stream
arn:aws:lambda:function:backend-signup-email-function arn:aws:dynamodb:table/prod-user-email/stream
arn:aws:lambda:function:partner-api-8XJAP1VVLYA7 arn:aws:sqs:partner-input-msg-queue
arn:aws:lambda:function:marketing-promo-sqs-function arn:aws:sqs:promo-input-msg-queue
aws lambda get-function --function-name DynamoToSQS | jq -r .Code.Location
https://awslambda-ap-se-1-tasks.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/snapshots/987654321/backend-api-function-1fda0de7-a751-4586-bf64-5601a410c170
aws cloudwatch describe-alarms | jq -r '.MetricAlarms[] | .AlarmName+" "+.Namespace+" "+.StateValue'
backend-autoscale AWS/EC2 OK
backend-lb AWS/ApplicationELB OK
partner-hk AWS/ECS ALARM
partner-vn AWS/ECS ALARM
partner-sg AWS/ECS ALARM
userdata-read AWS/DynamoDB OK
userdata-write AWS/DynamoDB OK
aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm --alarm-name high-cpu-usage --alarm-description "Alarm when CPU exceeds 70 percent" --metric-name CPUUtilization --namespace AWS/EC2 --statistic Average --period 300 --threshold 70 --comparison-operator GreaterThanThreshold --dimensions "Name=InstanceId,Value=i-123456789" --evaluation-periods 2 --alarm-actions arn:aws:sns:ap-southeast-1:987654321:System-Alerts --unit Percent
aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm --alarm-name EC2-StatusCheckFailed-AppServer --alarm-description "EC2 StatusCheckFailed for AppServer" --metric-name StatusCheckFailed_Instance --namespace AWS/EC2 --statistic Average --period 60 --threshold 0 --comparison-operator GreaterThanThreshold --dimensions "Name=InstanceId,Value=i-123456789" --evaluation-periods 3 --alarm-actions arn:aws:sns:ap-southeast-1:987654321:System-Alerts --unit Count
aws route53 list-hosted-zones | jq -r '.HostedZones[]|.Id+" "+.Name'
/hostedzone/ZEB1PAH4U mysite.com.
/hostedzone/ZQUOHGH3G yoursite.com.
/hostedzone/ZEADEA0CO staywith.us.
aws route53 list-resource-record-sets --hosted-zone-id /hostedzone/ZEB1PAH4U | jq -r '.ResourceRecordSets[]| if (.AliasTarget!=null) then .Type+" "+.Name+" "+.AliasTarget.DNSName else .Type+" "+.Name+" "+.ResourceRecords[].Value end'
A mysite.com. dualstack.mysite-lb-967522168.ap-southeast-1.elb.amazonaws.com.
A mysite.com. 11.22.33.44
TXT _amazonses.mysite.com. 6c6d761371f0480bbe60de0df275b550
A test.mysite.com. 55.66.77.88
CNAME www.mysite.com. mysite.com
aws sns list-topics | jq -r '.Topics[] | .TopicArn'
arn:aws:sns:ap-southeast-1:987654321:backend-api-monitoring
arn:aws:sns:ap-southeast-1:987654321:dynamodb-count-check
arn:aws:sns:ap-southeast-1:987654321:partner-integration-check
arn:aws:sns:ap-southeast-1:987654321:autoscale-notifications
aws sns list-subscriptions | jq -r '.Subscriptions[] | .TopicArn+" "+.Protocol+" "+.Endpoint'
arn:aws:sns:ap-southeast-1:autoscale-notifications lambda arn:aws:lambda:function:autoscale-function
arn:aws:sns:ap-southeast-1:backend-api-monitoring email alert@mdminhazulhaque.io
arn:aws:sns:ap-southeast-1:dynamodb-count-check email alert@mdminhazulhaque.io
arn:aws:sns:ap-southeast-1:partner-integration-check lambda arn:aws:lambda:function:partner-function
arn:aws:sns:ap-southeast-1:autoscale-notifications lambda arn:aws:lambda:function:autoscale-function
aws sns publish --topic-arn arn:aws:sns:ap-southeast-1:987654321:backend-api-monitoring \
--message "Panic!!!" \
--subject "The API is down!!!"
aws dynamodb list-tables | jq -r .TableNames[]
userdata_hk
userdata_vn
userdata_sg
providers
events
โ This command will stream ALL items untill SIGINT is sent
aws dynamodb scan --table-name events
aws dynamodb scan --table-name events --select COUNT | jq .ScannedCount
726119
aws dynamodb get-item --table-name events --key '{"email": {"S": "admin@mdminhazulhaque.io"}}'
{
"Item": {
"email": {
"S": "admin@mdminhazulhaque.io"
},
"created_at": {
"N": "1554780667296"
},
"event_type": {
"S": "DISPATCHED"
}
}
}
aws dynamodb get-item --table-name events --key '{"email": {"S": "admin@mdminhazulhaque.io"}}' --attributes-to-get event_type
{
"Item": {
"event_type": {
"S": "DISPATCHED"
}
}
}
aws dynamodb delete-item --table-name events --key '{"email": {"S": "admin@mdminhazulhaque.io"}}'
aws sqs list-queues | jq -r '.QueueUrls[]'
https://ap-southeast-1.queue.amazonaws.com/987654321/public-events.fifo
https://ap-southeast-1.queue.amazonaws.com/987654321/user-signup
aws sqs create-queue --queue-name public-events.fifo | jq -r .QueueUrl
https://ap-southeast-1.queue.amazonaws.com/987654321/public-events.fifo
aws sqs get-queue-attributes --queue-url https://ap-southeast-1.queue.amazonaws.com/987654321/public-events.fifo | jq -r '.Attributes | .QueueArn + " " + .ApproximateNumberOfMessages'
arn:aws:sqs:ap-southeast-1:987654321:events.fifo 42
aws sqs send-message --queue-url https://ap-southeast-1.queue.amazonaws.com/987654321/public-events.fifo --message-body Hello
{
"MD5OfMessageBody": "37b51d194a7513e45b56f6524f2d51f2",
"MessageId": "4226398e-bab0-4bee-bf5a-8e7ae18c855a"
}
aws sqs receive-message --queue-url https://ap-southeast-1.queue.amazonaws.com/987654321/public-events.fifo | jq -r '.Messages[] | .Body'
Hello
aws sqs delete-message --queue-url https://ap-southeast-1.queue.amazonaws.com/987654321/public-events.fifo --receipt-handle "AQEBpqKLxNb8rIOn9ykSeCkKebNzn0BrEJ3Cg1RS6MwID2t1oYHCnMP06GnuVZGzt7kpWXZ5ieLQ=="
aws sqs purge-queue --queue-url https://ap-southeast-1.queue.amazonaws.com/987654321/public-events.fifo
aws sqs delete-queue --queue-url https://ap-southeast-1.queue.amazonaws.com/987654321/public-events.fifo
aws cloudfront list-distributions | jq -r '.DistributionList.Items[] | .DomainName+" "+.Origins.Items[0].DomainName'
d9d5bb1e3c281f.cloudfront.net frontend-prod-hk.s3.amazonaws.com
d12b09e8a0a996.cloudfront.net frontend-prod-vn.s3.amazonaws.com
db64e7e9b3cc22.cloudfront.net frontend-prod-sg.s3.amazonaws.com
d5e3221cf8b921.cloudfront.net cdn.mdminhazulhaque.io
aws cloudfront create-invalidation --distribution-id D12B09E8A0A996 --path /blog/\* /blog/assets/\* | jq -r '.Invalidation.Id'
IALJ5AL93ZD79
aws cloudfront get-invalidation --distribution-id D12B09E8A0A996 --id IALJ5AL93ZD79 | jq -r '.Invalidation.Status'
Completed
aws amplify list-apps | jq -r '.apps[] | .name+" "+.defaultDomain+" "+.repository'
fe-vn d9d5bb1e3c281f.amplifyapp.com https://bitbucket.org/aws/frontend-vn
fe-hk db64e7e9b3cc22.amplifyapp.com https://bitbucket.org/aws/frontend-hk
fe-sg d5e3221cf8b921.amplifyapp.com https://bitbucket.org/aws/frontend-sg
aws cognito-idp list-user-pools --max-results 60 | jq -r '.UserPools[] | .Id+" "+.Name'
ap-southeast-1_b6da07d35 prod-users
ap-southeast-1_b6da07d34 dev-users
aws cognito-idp list-users --user-pool-id ap-southeast-1_b6da07d35 | jq -r '.Users[].Attributes | from_entries | .sub + " " + .phone_number + " " + .email'
585fb96e-525c-4f9b-9d41-865d2dffde9b +601122334455 admin@mdminhazulhaque.io
71f2778c-8e21-4775-94dc-e363c77d1ae1 +601122334455 foo@bar.com
8fc1882e-e661-49db-88e6-45d370bc352a +601122334455 cli@aws.com
aws efs describe-file-systems | jq -r '.FileSystems[] | .FileSystemId + " " + .Name'
fs-1894c355 production-images
fs-964dc315 production-docs
fs-257dc779 production-export
aws ecr describe-repositories | jq -r '.repositories[] | .repositoryName'
app
db
aws ecr list-images --repository scarfaceadmin | jq -r '.imageIds[] | .imageTag'
3ccc122f
3ccc122f
aws eks list-clusters | jq -r .clusters[]
devtest
mobileapi-prod
usermanagement-prod
aws eks update-kubeconfig --name devtest
Updated context arn:aws:eks:ap-southeast-1:987654321:cluster/devtest in /home/mdminhazulhaque/.kube/config
aws iam list-users | jq -r '.Users[]|.UserId+" "+.UserName'
AIDAZBWIOJIQFOLNBXXCVSUQ kaiser
AIDAZCTWYVXYOKSHVWXPYPLR thornton
AIDAZUYALCGFQJENBCZFJTVX maldonado
AIDAZKQAFIGQJWOKKSKRBLGE key
AIDAZXUDGQVQCEWBFGIJOWWY nelson
aws iam get-user --user-name kaiser
aws iam create-user --user-name audit-temp
aws iam delete-user --user-name audit-temp
aws iam list-access-keys --user-name audit-temp | jq -r .AccessKeyMetadata[].AccessKeyId
AKIABWIOJIQFOLNBXXCVSUQ
AKIACTWYVXYOKSHVWXPYPLR
AKIAUYALCGFQJENBCZFJTVX
aws iam delete-access-key --user-name audit-temp --access-key-id AKIABWIOJIQFOLNBXXCVSUQ
aws iam update-access-key --status Inactive --user-name audit-temp --access-key-id AKIABWIOJIQFOLNBXXCVSUQ
aws iam update-access-key --status Active --user-name audit-temp --access-key-id AKIABWIOJIQFOLNBXXCVSUQ
aws iam create-access-key --user-name audit-temp | jq -r '.AccessKey | .AccessKeyId+" "+.SecretAccessKey'
AKIABWIOJIQFOLNBXXCVSUQ p9ge02ebLX9jobdQKmfikRqCiEw3HBylwHyXq0z
aws iam list-groups | jq -r .Groups[].GroupName
developers
administrators
testers
marketing-ro
aws iam create-group --group-name business-ro
aws iam delete-group --group-name business-ro
aws iam list-policies | jq -r '.Policies[]|.PolicyName+" "+.Arn'
aws iam list-policies --scope AWS | jq -r '.Policies[]|.PolicyName+" "+.Arn'
aws iam list-policies --scope Local | jq -r '.Policies[]|.PolicyName+" "+.Arn'
aws iam list-entities-for-policy --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::987654321:policy/Marketing-ReadOnly
aws iam list-attached-group-policies --group-name business-ro
aws iam attach-group-policy --group-name business-ro --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/DynamoDBReadOnlyAccess
aws iam add-user-to-group --group-name business-ro --user-name marketing-michael
aws iam remove-user-from-group --group-name business-ro --user-name marketing-alice
aws iam get-group --group-name business-ro
aws iam list-groups-for-user --user-name qa-bob
aws iam detach-group-policy --group-name business-ro --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/DynamoDBFullAccess
aws iam attach-group-policy --group-name business-ro --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/DynamoDBFullAccess