printf Project

Description

This team project is part of the first year curriculum of ALX. _printf replicates the C standard library printf() function.

Expectation from this project:

How to use git in a team setting
Applying variadic functions to a big project
The complexities of printf
Managing a lot of files and finding a good workflow

Prototype

int _printf(const char *format, ...);

Usage

Prints a string to the standard output, according to a given format
All files were created and compiled on Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS using GCC 4.8.4 with the command gcc -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic *.c
Returns the number of characters in the output string on success, -1 otherwise
Call it this way: _printf("format string", arguments...) where format string can contain conversion specifiers and flags, along with regular characters

Examples

_printf("Hello, main\n") prints "Hello, Main", followed by a new line
_printf("%s", "Hello") prints "Hello"
_printf("This is a number: %d", 98) prints "This is a number: 98"

Here is the outline for the what we will covered in this printf project:

`Introduction to printf:`

Brief overview of printf and its role in C programming.
The format string: How printf uses format specifiers to control output.

`Argument Handling:`

How printf handles variable numbers of arguments.
Variadic functions in C.
Parsing the format string to find placeholders.

`Processing Format Specifiers:`

Understanding format specifiers like %d, %s, %c, etc.
How printf matches format specifiers to arguments.
Handling flags, field width, precision, and length modifiers.

`Converting and Formatting:`

The role of type conversion in printf.
How to format data for output based on the format specifier.
Handling different data types: integers, characters, strings, floats, etc.

`Output Generation:`

How printf generates the final formatted output.
Building the output string based on the format and arguments.
Buffering and writing to the standard output.

`Error Handling:`

Dealing with format string errors.
Handling argument mismatches.
Returning error codes or handling exceptions.

`Modifiers and Special Cases:`

Handling special format specifiers like %% and %n.
Modifiers like * for dynamic field width and precision.

`Memory Management:`

If you want your custom printf to allocate memory dynamically, understanding memory management is crucial.

`Testing and Debugging:`

Strategies for testing your custom printf function.
Debugging common issues.

`Optimization and Efficiency:`

Tips for optimizing your custom printf for performance.

Tasks

These are all the tasks of this project, the ones that are completed link to the corresponding files.

0. I'm not going anywhere. You can print that wherever you want to. I'm here and I'm a Spur for life

Write a function that produces output according to format.
- c : converts input into a character
- s : converts input into a string

1. Education is when you read the fine print. Experience is what you get if you don't

Handle the following conversion specifiers:
- d : converts input into a base 10 integer
- i : converts input into an integer

2. Just because it's in print doesn't mean it's the gospel

Create a man page for your function

3. With a face like mine, I do better in print

Handle the following conversion specifiers:
- b : the unsigned int argument is converted to binary

4. What one has not experienced, one will never understand in print

Handle the following conversion specifiers:
- u : converts the input into an unsigned integer
- o : converts the input into an octal number
- x : converts the input into a hexadecimal number
- X : converts the input into a hexadecimal number with capital letters

5. Nothing in fine print is ever good news

Use a local buffer of 1024 chars in order to call write as little as possible.

6. My weakness is wearing too much leopard print

Handle the following custom conversion specifier:
- S : prints the string
- Non printable characters (0 < ASCII value < 32 or >= 127) are printed this way: \x, followed by the ASCII code value in hexadecimal (upper case - always 2 characters)

7. How is the world ruled and led to war? Diplomats lie to journalists and believe these lies when they see them in print

Handle the following conversion specifier:
- p : int input is converted to a pointer address

8. The big print gives and the small print takes away

Handle the following flag characters for non-custom conversion specifiers:
- + : adds a + in front of signed positive numbers and a - in front of signed negative numbers
- space : same as +, but adds a space (is overwritten by +)
- # : adds a 0 in front of octal conversions that don't begin with one, and a 0x or 0X for x or X conversions

[9. Sarcasm is lost in print]

Handle the following length modifiers for non-custom conversion specifiers:
- l : converts d, i, u, o, x, X conversions in short signed or unsigned ints
- h : converts d, i, u, o, x, X conversions in long signed or unsigned ints

[10. Print some money and give it to us for the rain forests]

Handle the field width for non-custom conversion specifiers.

[11. The negative is the equivalent of the composer's score, and the print the performance]

Handle the precision for non-custom conversion specifiers.

[12. It's depressing when you're still around and your albums are out of print]

Handle the 0 flag character for non-custom conversion specifiers.

[13. Every time that I wanted to give up, if I saw an interesting textile, print what ever, suddenly I would see a collection]

Handle the - flag character for non-custom conversion specifiers.

14. Print is the sharpest and the strongest weapon of our party

Handle the following custom conversion specifier:
- r : prints the reversed string

15. The flood of print has turned reading into a process of gulping rather than savoring

Handle the following custom conversion specifier:
- R : prints the rot13'ed string

[16. * ]

All the above options work well together.

Authors

ABIMBOLA AKINSHILO - abimbolaakinshilo@gmail.com
LORDVICUS ADIENGE - lo_adienge@gmail.com

Adeakin / printf