ExState

Elixir state machines, statecharts, and workflows for Ecto models.

Installation

If available in Hex, the package can be installed by adding ex_state to your list of dependencies in mix.exs:

def deps do
  [
    {:ex_state_ecto, "~> 0.3"}
  ]
end

Documentation can be generated with ExDoc and published on HexDocs. Once published, the docs can be found at https://hexdocs.pm/ex_state.

Usage

Without Ecto

Example

Ecto Setup

defmodule MyApp.Repo.Migrations.AddWorkflows do
  def up do
    # Ensure Ecto.UUID support is enabled:
    execute("CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pgcrypto")

    ExState.Ecto.Migration.up()
  end

  def down do
  end
end

config :ex_state, repo: MyApp.Repo

Defining States

Define the workflow:

defmodule SaleWorkflow do
  use ExState.Definition

  alias MyApp.Repo

  workflow "sale" do
    subject :sale, Sale

    participant :seller
    participant :buyer

    initial_state :pending

    state :pending do
      on :send, :sent
      on :cancel, :cancelled
    end

    state :sent do
      parallel do
        step :acknowledge_receipt, participant: :buyer
        step :close, participant: :seller
      end

      on :cancelled, :cancelled
      on_completed :acknowledge_receipt, :receipt_acknowledged
      on_completed :close, :closed
    end

    state :receipt_acknowledged do
      step :close, participant: :seller
      on_completed :close, :closed
    end

    state :closed

    state :cancelled do
      on_entry :update_cancelled_at
    end
  end

  def guard_transition(:pending, :sent, %{sale: %{address: nil}}) do
    {:error, "missing address"}
  end

  def guard_transition(_from, _to, _context), do: :ok

  def update_cancelled_at(%{sale: sale}) do
    sale
    |> Sale.changeset(%{cancelled_at: DateTime.utc_now()})
    |> Repo.update()
  end
end

Add the workflow association to the subject:

defmodule Sale do
  use Ecto.Schema
  use ExState.Ecto.Subject

  import Ecto.Changeset

  schema "sales" do
    has_workflow SaleWorkflow
    field :product_id, :string
    field :cancelled_at, :utc_datetime
  end
end

Add a workflow_id column to the subject table:

alter table(:sales) do
  add :workflow_id, references(:workflows, type: :uuid)
end

Transitioning States

Using ExState.transition/3:

def create_sale(params) do
  Multi.new()
  |> Multi.insert(:sale, Sale.new(params))
  |> ExState.Ecto.Multi.create(:sale)
  |> Repo.transaction()
end

def cancel_sale(id, user_id: user_id) do
  sale = Repo.get(Sale, id)

  ExState.transition(sale, :cancel, user_id: user_id)
end

Using ExState.Execution.transition_maybe/2:

sale
|> ExState.create()
|> ExState.Execution.transition_maybe(:send)
|> ExState.persist()

Using ExState.Execution.transition/2:

{:ok, execution} =
  sale
  |> ExState.load()
  |> ExState.Execution.transition(:cancelled)

ExState.persist(execution)

Using ExState.Execution.transition!/2:

sale
|> ExState.load()
|> ExState.Execution.transition!(:cancelled)
|> ExState.persist()

Completing Steps

def acknowledge_receipt(id, user_id: user_id) do
  sale = Repo.get(Sale, id)

  ExState.complete(sale, :acknowledge_receipt, user_id: user_id)
end

Running Tests

Setup test database

MIX_ENV=test mix ecto.create
mix test

TODO

Extract ex_state_core, and other backend / db packages.
Multiple workflows per subject.
Allow configurable primary key / UUID type for usage across different databases.
Tracking event history with metadata.
Add SCXML support
Define schema for serialization / json API usage / client consumption.
Parallel states
History states

8thlight / ex_state