MCCNN: Monte Carlo Convolution for Learning on Non-Uniformly Sampled Point Clouds
Created by Pedro Hermosilla, Tobias Ritschel, Pere-Pau Vazquez, Alvar Vinacua, Timo Ropinski.
Citation
If you find this code useful please consider citing us:
@article{hermosilla2018mccnn,
title={Monte Carlo Convolution for Learning on Non-Uniformly Sampled Point Clouds},
author={Hermosilla, P. and Ritschel, T. and Vazquez, P-P and Vinacua, A. and Ropinski, T.},
journal={ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH Asia 2018)},
volume={37},
number={6}
year={2018},
doi={10.1145/3272127.3275110}
}
Introduction
Deep learning systems extensively use convolution operations to process input data. Though convolution is clearly defined for structured data such as 2D images or 3D volumes, this is not true for other data types such as sparse point clouds. Previous techniques have developed approximations to convolutions for restricted conditions. Unfortunately, their applicability is limited and cannot be used for general point clouds. We propose an efficient and effective method to learn convolutions for non-uniformly sampled point clouds, as they are obtained with modern acquisition techniques. Learning is enabled by four key novelties: first, representing the convolution kernel itself as a multilayer perceptron; second, phrasing convolution as a Monte Carlo integration problem, third, using this notion to combine information from multiple samplings at different levels; and fourth using Poisson disk sampling as a scalable means of hierarchical point cloud learning. The key idea across all these contributions is to guarantee adequate consideration of the underlying non-uniform sample distribution function from a Monte Carlo perspective. To make the proposed concepts applicable to real-world tasks, we furthermore propose an efficient implementation which significantly reduces the GPU memory required during the training process. By employing our method in hierarchical network architectures we can outperform most of the state-of-the-art networks on established point cloud segmentation, classification and normal estimation benchmarks. Furthermore, in contrast to most existing approaches, we also demonstrate the robustness of our method with respect to sampling variations, even when training with uniformly sampled data only.
In this repository, we release the code of our tensor operations and network architectures for classification, segmentation, and normal estimation tasks, which realize the ideas presented in our paper. For further details of the techniques implemented here, you can refer to the paper or visit our project page.
Installation
First, install TensorFlow. The code presented here was developed using TensorFlow v1.5 GPU version, Python 2.7, and Ubuntu 16.04 TLS. However, it should also work with TensorFlow v1.8 GPU version and Python 3. All the operation were implemented on the GPU, no CPU implementation is provided. Therefore, a workstation with a state-of-the-art GPU is required.
Compiling tensorflow operations
In order to train the networks provided in this repository, first, we have to compile the new tensor operations which implement the Monte Carlo convolutions. These operations are located on the folder tf_ops. To compile them we should execute the following commands:
cd tf_ops
python genCompileScript.py --cudaFolder *path_to_cuda*
sh compile.sh
The python script genCompileScript.py also provides two more options: MLPSize, which defines the size of the MLPs used to approximate the convolution kernels; and debugInfo, to print debug information during the execution of the layers.
For newer versions of tensorflow the generated shared library will produce a link error. On these cases, we should substitute -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0 by -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=1 in our compile.sh script.
Tasks
The network architectures used for the different tasks can be found on the folder models, whilst the scripts to train and evaluate such networks can be found on the folders of the different datasets. See our paper for more details on the network architectures. All scripts can be executed with the argument --help to visualize the different options. Some arguments used in our scripts are:
- grow: Determines the growth rate of the number of features in the networks. All layers of the networks produce a number of features which is multiple of this number.
- useDropOut: If this argument is provided, drop out layers are used in the final MLPs in classification and segmentation networks.
- dropOutKeepProb: If this useDropOut is provided, this argument determines the probability to keep the value of a neuron in the MLPs.
- useDropOutConv: If this argument is provided, drop out layers are used before each convolution layer in classification and segmentation networks.
- dropOutKeepProbConv: If useDropOutConv is provided, this argument determines the probability to keep the value of a feature before each convolution layer.
- weightDecay: Scale used in the L2 regularization. If 0.0 is provided, no L2 regularization is performed.
- ptDropOut: Probability of selecting a point during loading of the models in the training phase.
Classification
We provide 3 different networks for classification tasks (MCClassS, MCClass, and MCClassH) which have been tested on the ModelNet40 dataset. We used the resampled ModelNet40 dataset provided in PointNet++, which contains XYZ position and normals for 10k points per model. Once downloaded, uncompress the zip file inside the folder ModelNet and rename the folder to data. Then, you can train and evaluate the different networks.
MCClassS This network is composed of only 3 pooling Monte Carlo convolutions. This is the default model used in the classification script and it can be trained and evaluated using the following commands:
python ModelNet.py --grow 128 --useDropOut
python ModelNetEval.py --grow 128
MCClass This network is composed of a set of Monte Carlo convolutions on the different levels of the point hierarchy. It can be trained and evaluated using the following commands:
python ModelNet.py --model MCClass --useDropOut --useDropOutConv --weightDecay 0.00001
python ModelNetEval.py --model MCClass
MCClassH This network is composed of two different paths which process the different levels of the point hierarchy independently. Whilst one path works directly on the initial point set, the second path works on a lower level on the point hierarchy. It is trained by activating and deactivating these paths in order to be more robust to non-uniformly sampled point clouds. The results obtained by using this network were the ones reported in our paper. It can be trained and evaluated using the following commands:
python ModelNet.py --model MCClassH --useDropOut --useDropOutConv
python ModelNetEval.py --model MCClassH
Segmentation
We provide a network for segmentation tasks (MCSeg) which have been tested on the ShapeNet dataset. We used the resampled ShapeNet dataset provided in PointNet++, which contains XYZ position, normals and part label per each point. Once downloaded, uncompress the zip file inside the folder ShapeNet and rename the folder to shape_data. Then, you can train and evaluate the networks.
MCSeg This network has an encoder-decoder architecture, in which the decoder part upsamples features from different levels at the same time. It can be trained and evaluated using the following commands:
python ShapeNet.py --useDropOut
python ShapeNetEval.py
The results reported in our paper were obtained by training the network with the following command. However, this configuration requires more GPU memory.
python ShapeNet.py --grow 128 --useDropOut --useDropOutConv
Normal Estimation
We provide 2 networks for normal estimation tasks (MCNorm, and MCNormS) which have been tested on the ModelNet40 dataset. We used the same resampled dataset as the one used in the classification task. Follow the instructions provided in the classification section to download the data. Then, you can train and evaluate the different networks.
MCNorm: Network with an encoder-decoder architecture which outputs 3 floats per point. It can be trained and evaluated using the following commands:
python ModelNetNormals.py
python ModelNetNormalsEval.py
MCNormS: Small network composed of only two consecutive Monte Carlo convolutions which output 3 floats per point. This network was designed to evaluate the performance of our convolutions without considering the point hierarchy used. It can be trained and evaluated using the following commands:
python ModelNetNormals.py --model MCNormS
python ModelNetNormalsEval.py --model MCNormS
Real world dataset
We provide a network architecture used to perform semantic segmentation on real scans. We tested out network on the ScanNet dataset (version 1). In order to download the dataset, please contact the authors who will provide a script for the download. Download the decimated mesh and the task file as well. Then we will process the data by using the following commands:
python genScanNetData.py --inFolder data --outFolder data_mccnn
Then, we will be able to train and evaluate our network with the commands:
python ScanNet.py
python ScanNetEval.py --inTrainedModel log/model.ckpt-# (number of the best performing epoch)
In order to reproduce the results obtained in our paper, execute the following command (it requires more GPU memory):
python ScanNet.py --grow 64
Custom Architectures
We provide a builder module on folder utils which allows the creation of spatial convolutions by using a set of simple interfaces, hiding the tedious generation of auxiliary data structures. In order to create our first spatial convolution, we first have to create our point hierarchy with the command:
mPointHierarchy = PointHierarchy(
inPoints=points,
inFeatures=features,
inBatchIds=batchIds,
radiusList=[0.1, 0.4],
hierarchyName="MyPointHierarchy",
batchSize=batchSize,
relativeRadius=True)
Then, we can create our convolution builder with the command:
mConvBuilder = ConvolutionBuilder(
multiFeatureConvs=False,
KDEWindow=0.25,
relativeRadius=True,
usePDF=True)
Lastly, we can create a spatial convolution on our first level of the hierarchy with:
convFeatures1 = mConvBuilder.create_convolution(
convName="Conv_1",
inPointHierarchy=mPointHierarchy,
inPointLevel=0,
inFeatures=features,
inNumFeatures=1,
outNumFeatures=16,
convRadius= 0.1,
multiFeatureConv=True)
And transfer these features to the next level by using another spatial convolution:
poolFeatures1 = mConvBuilder.create_convolution(
convName="Pool_1",
inPointHierarchy=mPointHierarchy,
inPointLevel=0,
outPointLevel=1,
inFeatures=convFeatures1,
inNumFeatures=16,
convRadius=0.2,
KDEWindow= 0.2)
We recommend taking a look first to the network MCNormS.py since it is only composed of two convolutions on a point hierarchy of only one level. Then, for a better understanding of how to create a deeper architecture, one can refer to the network MCClass.py.
Custom Datasets
We also provide an interface to create your own dataset on the folder utils, DataSet.py. This class implements the different sampling protocols described in our paper and other features such us model cache. In order to take advantage of these features, your dataset class should inherit from this one and define the files containing your models and implement the loader function. The files ModelNetDataSet.py and ShapeNetDataSet.py provide examples of datasets used for classification and segmentation tasks. ScanNetDataSet.py file implements a dataset composed of models with variable sizes and variable bounding boxes.
If you have some doubts about the usage of some operations or scripts do not hesitate to contact us.
Updates
- 25/09/2018: Added scripts for training on ScanNet and builders to create point hierarchies and convolutions in a more intuitive way.
License
Our code is released under MIT License (see LICENSE file for details).