This program takes a string input from stdin and prints all permutations of that string.
Duplicate characters are included.
- Java 8
To run the program:
./gradlew run Enter a String to find permutations of:
Then input your string:
>sep The following are permutations of the string "sep" : "sep", "esp", "pse", "spe", "eps", "pes"
The algorithm does not visit duplicate permutations. Each permutation is only evaluated once and has no nested loops. The number of permutations calculated is n! - 1 (since first permutation is the input. Therefore, this program runs in O(n!)(not including time to read input, validate input and print output).
Permutations are not stored in memory as they are immediately printed. Otherwise we can risk running out of memory. The largest variables stored is the input character array and the weight index array. Both of which are size of the input. Therefore this program uses O(n) space`
Setup: 2015 MacBook Pro, 2.7 GHz Intel Core i5
| Input | n | n! | time (ms) | time/permuation (ms) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mastercard | 10 | 3628800 | 19152ms | .004737ms |
| mastercards | 11 | 39916800 | 147437ms | .00369ms |
- Must be valid UTF-16 string
- Trailing whitespaces will be removed (Internal whitespaces will be permuted).
- There is no limit on max size of input (see Execution time).
To run the unit tests:
./gradlew test
- Gradle
- Java 8
- Junit 4
- IntellJ IDEA CE
- Implement permutation storage without running out of memory. A buffered Collection will mitigate
running out of memory.
This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE.md file for details