pallets / markupsafe

Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup.

MarkupSafe

MarkupSafe implements a text object that escapes characters so it is safe to use in HTML and XML. Characters that have special meanings are replaced so that they display as the actual characters. This mitigates injection attacks, meaning untrusted user input can safely be displayed on a page.

Examples

>>> from markupsafe import Markup, escape

>>> # escape replaces special characters and wraps in Markup
>>> escape("<script>alert(document.cookie);</script>")
Markup('&lt;script&gt;alert(document.cookie);&lt;/script&gt;')

>>> # wrap in Markup to mark text "safe" and prevent escaping
>>> Markup("<strong>Hello</strong>")
Markup('<strong>hello</strong>')

>>> escape(Markup("<strong>Hello</strong>"))
Markup('<strong>hello</strong>')

>>> # Markup is a str subclass
>>> # methods and operators escape their arguments
>>> template = Markup("Hello <em>{name}</em>")
>>> template.format(name='"World"')
Markup('Hello <em>&#34;World&#34;</em>')

Donate

The Pallets organization develops and supports MarkupSafe and other popular packages. In order to grow the community of contributors and users, and allow the maintainers to devote more time to the projects, please donate today.