Compiler error "ReferenceError: require is not defined in ES module scope, you can use import instead"

[Yaluba]

Is there an existing issue for this?

• I have searched the existing issues

Current behavior

I found this bug when I add Swagger to one of my services. In that one, the problem arises with a DTO 👍

export class CreateOrgDto {
    ...
    storageconf: StorageConf;
    //storageconf: string;
}

Here "StorageConf" is an Enum. It works OK when it is a string (comment one line and uncomment the other).

When creating the sample to share in the repo with the "minimum reproduction code", the issue generalised. It happens always in that code, and it is really a very basic one.

Important points:

• tsconfig.json is set target ES2022:

"compilerOptions": {
    "module": "NodeNext",
    "moduleResolution": "NodeNext",
    "target": "ES2022",
... }

• "type": "module" in package.json

the javascript code created in "dist" for the DTO above is:

import { createRequire as _createRequire } from "module";
const __require = _createRequire(import.meta.url);
const openapi = __require("@nestjs/swagger");
export class CreateOrgDto {
    ...
    storageconf;
    static _OPENAPI_METADATA_FACTORY() {
        return { ... , storageconf: { required: true, type: () => String, enum: require("../entities/org.entity", { with: { "resolution-mode": "import" } }).StorageConf } };
    }
}

The problem is with the 'require" inside _OPENAPI_METADATA_FACTORY()

This issue may be linked to ESM Build Issues #1450 , which seems to depend on build: generate multiple formats (cjs, esm) #8736 , which points to this recent post in Joyee Cheung's Blog. I did try running with flag --experimental-require-module , but it did not make any difference.

The issue is not consistent. In the provided sample repo, it happens always.
In a larger project that I have with several independent micro-services (separated in different apps), all set to ES2022, it only happens with the one that has the DTO above, all other compile correctly. Actually, as mentioned, even this one compiles correctly if "storageconf" is of type string instead of "StorageConf" enum.

Minimum reproduction code

https://github.com/yaluba1/NestJsSwaggerBug

Steps to reproduce

1. yarn install
2. yarn start:dev

Expected behavior

I was expecting correct compilation. Instead. I get:

ReferenceError: require is not defined in ES module scope, you can use import instead
This file is being treated as an ES module because it has a '.js' file extension and 'C:...\NestJsSwaggerBug\package.json' contains "type": "module". To treat it as a CommonJS script, rename it to use the '.cjs' file extension.
at file:///C:/.../NestJsSwaggerBug/dist/app.controller.js:26:112
at ModuleJob.run (node:internal/modules/esm/module_job:218:25)
at ModuleLoader.import (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:329:24)
at loadESM (node:internal/process/esm_loader:28:7)
at handleMainPromise (node:internal/modules/run_main:113:12)

Package version

7.3.1

NestJS version

10.3.0

Node.js version

20.11.0

In which operating systems have you tested?

• macOS
• Windows
• Linux

Other

IDE: VsCode vs1.88.1
Package manager: yarn v4.1.1