- Explain how to update an element's position on the page
- Explain how to move an element in response to a browser event
- Practice moving elements on the page
It's mesmerizing to think about how video games work. They will responded to your whims through a set of designated controls and interactions. It can pull you into its story by giving you controls to interact within, and sometimes shape the virtual environments.
Programming means that you can create such a world for other people. It'll take some time learning and practicing programming before you can build a game like Braid or even Don't Look Back, for instance, but you can start with small steps. We're going to show you how to get started with moving elements with JavaScript.
- Click the "OPEN IDE" button
Open up index.html, open the dev tools and take a look at the variable dodger:
var dodger = document.getElementById('dodger')Experiment with changing the color of dodger with this code:
dodger.style.backgroundColor = "#000000"Did the object disappear? That's because the color was changed to "#000000", which is another way of setting the color to be "black", so it blends in with the background.
Now let's change it to something more visible:
dodger.style.backgroundColor = '#ff5bab'Now it should be pinky magenta-ish!
So far, we've been accessing the style property of the dodger element. This lets us change things like the backgroundColor, the height, width, etc.
We can also change an element's position on the page.
First, let's read out the element's coordinates — we'll read these as if the bottom left of the black box were at coordinate (0, 0).
dodger.style.left // "180px"
dodger.style.bottom // "0px"The dodger's bottom left edge is currently at the coordinates (180, 0). Keep in mind that these coordinates are relative to the black box.
Now let's try moving the element up.
dodger.style.bottom = '100px'
Even though we're setting numeric coordinates, we need to move the dodger by assigning it a different string. Let's set it back to its default position:
dodger.style.bottom = '0px'We can use event listeners to respond to an event and move the dodger.
If we want to move the dodger to the left we have to figure what the left arrow key's numeric value is. We could look it up, but since we're programmers, we're going to explore!
document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
console.log(e.which)
})Enter the above into the console. If you click on the window (where the dodger is rendered) press the left arrow key, you should see in the console:
(Don't worry if you only see 37 :) ).
We now know that we need to look for 37 to trigger a move to the left. Let's start moving
left then:
document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
if (e.which === 37) {
var leftNumbers = dodger.style.left.replace('px', '')
var left = parseInt(leftNumbers, 10)
dodger.style.left = `${left - 1}px`
}
})If the left arrow key is pressed, the dodger moves 1 pixel to the left. Otherwise, if anything else is pressed, nothing happens.
Note: We have to parse the pixels as integers and then convert them back to the pixel string.
Eventually, if the dodger is nudged too far left, it will fall out of view.
To prevent this, we'll want to check to see where the left edge of the dodger is, and we want to prevent it from going past the left edge of the black screen.
Now would be a good time to break the dodger's movement out into a separate function. Let's refresh the page and code with a blank slate and grab the dodger again.
var dodger = document.getElementById('dodger')Work on this function:
function moveDodgerLeft() {
var leftNumbers = dodger.style.left.replace('px', '')
var left = parseInt(leftNumbers, 10)
if (left > 0) {
dodger.style.left = `${left - 1}px`
}
}We're doing essentially the same as above, but we first ensure that the dodger's left edge has not gone past the left edge of its container. (Remember, position is relative to the container.)
Let's wire this up
document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
if (e.which === 37) {
moveDodgerLeft()
}
})Now try again to move the dodger past the left edge. It shouldn't fall out of view now!
Open up index.js and try writing a function to move the dodger to the right.
Think about what needs to change to make a moveDodgerRight() function. you'll need another
e.which in the event listener, and instead of moving the dodger ${left - 1}px, we'll be
moving it ${left + 1}px (or ${right - 1}px, if you prefer). To prevent the dodger from
falling off the right-hand side, you can make sure that dodger.style.right is always
greater than 0px.
With event listeners and object properties, you are not only able to set properties on page load, but have object properties change as user input is submitted. Think about all the possibilities that this creates for user interactions, much like video games!
View Moving Things With JavaScript on Learn.co and start learning to code for free.