Complete-Life-Cycle-of-a-Data-Science-Project
###credit: all corresponding resources
motivation:motivation to create this repository to help upcoming aspirants and help to others in the data science field
as data science is fastly developing field i found these few new techinques which make your work easier-https://github.com/achuthasubhash/Tips
Business understanding
1.Data collection
Data 2 kinds
a.structure data (tabular data,etc...)
b.unstructured data (images,text,audio,etc...)
a.web scraping best article to refer-https://towardsdatascience.com/choose-the-best-python-web-scraping-library-for-your-application-91a68bc81c4f
1.beautifulsoup
2.scrapy
3.selenium
4.request to access data
5.AUTOSCRAPER - https://github.com/alirezamika/autoscraper
b.3rd party API'S
c.big data engineering to collect data
d.databases
mysql,mongodb,hadoop,elastic search,cassendra,amazon s3,hive,googlebigtable
e.online resources - ultimate resource https://datasetsearch.research.google.com/
1)kaggle
2)movielens
3)data.gov: https://data.gov.in/
4)uci
5)quandi
6)world3bank https://data.world/
7)UCIMachineLearning
8)online hacktons
9)image data from Google_Search
10)image data from Bing_Search
11)https://www.columnfivemedia.com/100-best-free-data-sources-infographic
12)Reddit:https://lnkd.in/dv5UCD4
13)https://datasets.bifrost.ai/?ref=producthunt
14)data.world:https://lnkd.in/gEK897K
15)https://data.world/datasets/open-data
16)FiveThirtyEight :- https://lnkd.in/gyh-HDj
17)BuzzFeed :- https://lnkd.in/gzPWyHj
18)Google public datasets :- https://lnkd.in/g5dH8qE
19)Quandl :- https://www.quandl.com
20)socorateopendata :- https://lnkd.in/gea7JMz
21)AcedemicTorrents :- https://lnkd.in/g-Ur9Xy
22)labelimage:- https://github.com/wkentaro/labelme , https://github.com/tzutalin/labelImg
23)tensorflow_datasets as tfds
24)https://datasets.bifrost.ai/?ref=producthunt
25)https://ourworldindata.org/
26)https://data.worldbank.org/
27)google open images:https://storage.googleapis.com/openimages/web/download.html
28)https://data.gov.in/
29)imagenet dataset-http://www.image-net.org/
30)https://parulpandey.com/2020/08/09/getting-datasets-for-data-analysis-tasks%e2%80%8a-%e2%80%8aadvanced-google-search/
31)https://storage.googleapis.com/openimages/web/index.html ,
https://storage.googleapis.com/openimages/web/visualizer/index.html?set=train&type=segmentation&r=false&c=%2Fm%2F09qck
32)coco dataset https://cocodataset.org/#explore
33)huggingface datasets-https://github.com/huggingface/datasets
34)Big Bad NLP Database-https://datasets.quantumstat.com/
2.Feature engineering
Data cleaning-Pyjanitor-https://analyticsindiamag.com/beginners-guide-to-pyjanitor-a-python-tool-for-data-cleaning/
remove duplicate data
a.handle missing value
1.if missing data too small then delete it
2.replace mean(influenced by outiler),median(not influenced by outiler),mode
3.apply classifier algorithm to predict missing value
4.knn imputer
5.apply unsupervised
6.Random Sample Imputation
7.Adding a variable to capture NAN
8.Arbitrary Value Imputation
9.hot deck Imputation
10.regression Imputation
b.handle imbalance
1.Under Sampling - mostly not prefer because lost of data
2.Over Sampling (RandomOverSampler (here new points create by same dot)) , SMOTETomek(new points create by nearest point so take long time)
3.class_weight give more importance(weight) to that small class
4.use kfold to keep the ratio of classess constant
c.remove noise data
d.format data
Numerical variables: Discrete numerical variable,Continuous numerical variable
e.handle categorical data Ordinal,Nominal,cyclic,binary categorical variables
1.One Hot Encoding
2.Count Or Frequency Encoding
3.Target Guided Ordinal Encoding
4.Mean Encoding
5.Probability Ratio Encoding
6.label encoding
7.probability ratio encoding
8.woe(Weight_of_evidence)
9.one hot encoding with multi category (keep most frequently repeated only)
10.feature hashing
11.sparse csr matrix
12.entity embeddings
13.binary encoding
f.normalisation of data
1.Standardization
2.Min Max Scaling
3.Robust Scaler not influenced by outliers because using of median,IQR
4.Q-Q plot or Shapiro-Wilk Normality Test is used to check whether feature is guassian or normal distributed required for linear regression,logistic regression to
improve performance
a.Guassian Transformation
b.Logarithmic Transformation
c.Reciprocal Trnasformation
d.Square Root Transformation
e.Exponential Transdormation
f.BoxCOx Transformation
g.log(1+x) Transformation
h.johnson
g.remove low variance feature by using VarianceThreshold
h.same variable in feature then remove feature
i.outilers removing outilers depond on problem we are solving
eg: incase of fraud detection outilers are very important
methods to find outiler: zscore,boxplot,IQR
j.sampling techniques
a.biased sampling
b.unbiased sampling
3.Exploratory Data Analysis(eda)
Explore the dataset by using python or microsoft excel or tableau or powerbi, etc...
Data visualization (Matplotlib,Seaborn,Bokeh,etc...)
Scatterplot,line scatter plot,multi line plot,bubble chart,bar chart,histogram,boxplot,distplot,index plot,violin plotm,time series plot,density plot,dot plot,strip plot
4.Feature selection
1.pearson correleation
2.chisquare
3.Feature Importance
a.ExtraTreesClassifier
b.SelectKBest
c.stepforward and stepbackward method
d.Random_forest_importance
4.statics to select important feature
5.keep in mind curse of dimensionality
6.highly correleated then remove 1 feature (multicollinearity)
7.dimension reduction
8.lasso regression to penalise unimportant features
9.filter method,wrapper method
10.threshold based method
11.hypothesis testing
12.model based selection
13.Mutual Information Feature Selection
14.Correlation Feature Selection
15.remove features with very low variance
16.Univariate feature selection
17.recursive feature elimination
18.importance of feature (random forest importance)
19.feature importance with decision trees
20.lasso
5.Model selection
Machine learning
A.Supervised learning (have label data)
1.regression (output feature in continous data form)
linear regression,polynomial regression,support vector machine,Decision Tree Regression,Random Forest Regression,
least square method,Random Forest Regression,xgboost,ridge,lasso,catboost,gradientboosting,adaboost,
elsatic net,light gbm,ordinary least squares
2.classification (output feature in categorical data form)
Logistic Regression,K-Nearest Neighbors,Support Vector Machine,Kernel SVM,Naive Bayes,Decision Tree Classification,
Random Forest Classification,xgboost,adaboost,catboost,gaussian NB,LGBMClassifier,LinearDiscriminantAnalysis,
passive aggressive classifier algorithm
B.Unsupervised learning(no label data)
1.Dimensionality reduction - PCA,SVD,LDA,tsne
2.Clustering :https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/clustering.html
3.Association Rule Learning - support,lift,confidence
4.Recommendation system -
a.collaborative Recommendation system,
bcontent based Recommendation system
c.utility based Recommendation system
d.knowledge based Recommendation system
e.demographic based Recommendation system
f.hybrid based Recommendation system
C.Ensemble methods
1.Stacking models
2.Bagging models
3.Boosting models
D.Reinforcement learning
agent apply action to environment get corresponding reward so that it learn environment
1.Q-Learning
2.Deep Q-Learning
3.Deep Convolutional Q-Learning
4.Twin Delayed DDPG
5.A3C
E.Deep-learning (use when have huge data and data is highly complex and state of art for unstructured data)
Frameworks:Pytorch,Tensorflow,Keras,caffe
1.Multilayer perceptron(MLP)
1.Regression
2.Classification
2.Convolutional neural network ( use for image data)
1.classification of image
create own model,lenet,alexnet,resenet,inception,vgg,efficientnet,Nasnet
2.localization of object in image
3.object detection and object segmentation
rcnn,fastrcnn,fatercnn,yolo v1,yolo v2,yolo v3,yolo v4,fast yolo,yolo tiny,yolo lite,yolo tiny++,yolo act++,
maskrcnn,ssd,detectron,detectron2,mobilenet,retinanet,R-fcn,detr facebook,U-net
3 kind of object segmentation semantic segmentation,instance segmentation,panoptic segmentation
4.pose estimation
5.Deepdream,Neural style transfer
3.recurrent neural network (use when series of data)
1.RNN
2.GRU
3.LSTM (have memory cell,forget gate etc..)
all above have bidirectional also based on problem statement use bidirectional
4.Generative adversarial network
5.Autoencoder
1.sparse Autoencoder
2.denoising Autoencoder
3.Contractive Autoencoder
4.stacked Autoencoder
5.deep Autoencoder
6.variational autoencoder
6.BoltzmannMachines,deep belief network,deep BoltzmannMachines
7.Self Organizing Maps (SOM) unsupervised learning
8.Natural language processing
clean data(removing stopwords depond on problem ,lowering data,tokenization,postagging,stemmimg or lemmatization depond on problem,skipgram,n-gram,chunking)
nltk,spacy,genism,textblob,inltk,stanza,polygot,corenlp libraries
NLU,NLG,NER,text summarization,machine translation
1.bag of words
2.Tfidf
3.using rnn,lstm,gru
4.attention
5.self attention
6.wordembedding
a.using pretrained model
i)word2vec( cbow,skipgram)
ii)glove
iiI)fasttext
b.own embedding (use when have huge data)
i)word2vec library
ii)keras embedding
7.encoder and decoder(sequence to sequence)
8.Transformer (big breakthrough in NLP)
9.BERT,ROBERTA,XLNet, XLM-RoBERTa, T5,DISTILBERT,GPT,GPT2,GPT3
F.Time Series
here data split is different (train,test,validate)
here handling missing data different
generally used to impute data in Time Series
1.ffill
2.bfill
3.do mean of previous or future x samples and impute
4.take previous year value and impute
here model selection deponds on different property of data like stationary,trend,seasonality
adfuller test for Stationarity
models
1.Arima , auto arima ,seasonal arima
2.Autoregressive model
3.Moving average
4.Lstm(neural network)
5.Autoregressive
6.Navie forecasts
7.Smoothing (moving average,exponential smoothing)
8.Facebook prophet
9.Holts winter,Holts linear trend
10.AutoTS-https://analyticsindiamag.com/hands-on-guide-to-autots-effective-model-selection-for-multiple-time-series/
11.Temporal Convolutional Neural
best article-https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2018/02/time-series-forecasting-methods/,
https://machinelearningmastery.com/time-series-forecasting-methods-in-python-cheat-sheet/
G.semi supervised learning
H.active learning
I.transfer learning
J.deep dream,style transfer
hyperparameter tuning
a.GridSearchCV (check every given parameter so take long time)
b.RandomizedSearchCV (search randomly narrow down our time)
c.Bayesian Optimization
d.Sequential Model Based Optimization(Tuning a scikit-learn estimator with skopt)
e.Optuna
f.Genetic Algorithms
g.hyperopt
h.keras tuner
cross validation techniques- https://towardsdatascience.com/understanding-8-types-of-cross-validation-80c935a4976d
1.loocv
2.kfoldcv
3.stratfied cross validation
4.Time Series cross-validation
5.Holdout cross-validation
6.repeated cross-validation
tensorboard to visualization of model performance
6.Testing model
generally used metrics
Always check bias variance tradeoff to know how model is performing
1.Regression task - mean-squared-error, Root-Mean-Squared-Error,mean-absolute error, R², Adjusted R²,Cross-entropy loss,Mean percentage error
2.classification task-Accuracy,confusion matrix,Precision,Recall,F1 Score,Binary Crossentropy,Categorical Crossentropy,AUC-ROC curve,log loss,Average precision,Mean average precision
3.Reinforcement learning - total rewards
4.Incase of machine translation use bleu score
5.clustering then use silhouette score
6.Object Detection loss-localization loss,classification loss,Focal Loss,IOU,L2 loss,
if not giving good performance go back to Data collection or Feature engineering to increase performance of model
7.deployment
1.Azure
2.Heroku
3.Amazon Web Services
4.Google cloud platform
5.Docker
6.tkinter
app- flask,streamlit,Django
use of tensorflow lite to reduce size of model
use Quantization to reduce size of model
8.mointoring model
CI CD pipeline used- circleci , jenkins
BIG DATA: hadoop,apache spark
research paper-https://arxiv.org/
upcoming programming language for data science is julia
BEST ONLINE COURSES
1.COURSERA
2.UDEMY
3.EDX
4.DATACAMP
BEST YOUTUBE CHANNEL TO FOLLOW
1.Krish Naik-https://www.youtube.com/user/krishnaik06
2.Abhishek thakur-https://www.youtube.com/user/abhisheksvnit
3.AIEngineering-https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwBs8TLOogwyGd0GxHCp-Dw
4.Ineuron-https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb1GdqUqArXMQ3RS86lqqOw
5.Ken jee-https://www.youtube.com/c/KenJee1/featured
6.Codebasics-https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCh9nVJoWXmFb7sLApWGcLPQ
7.3Blue1Brown-https://www.youtube.com/c/3blue1brown/featured
BEST BLOGS TO FOLLOW
1.Towards data science-https://towardsdatascience.com/
2.Analyticsvidhya-https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/?utm_source=feed&utm_medium=navbar
3.Medium-https://medium.com/
4.Machinelearningmastery-https://machinelearningmastery.com/blog/
BEST RESOURCES
1.paperswithcode-https://paperswithcode.com/methods
2.madewithml-https://madewithml.com/topics/
3.Deep learning-https://course.fullstackdeeplearning.com/#course-content
4.pytorch deep learning-https://atcold.github.io/pytorch-Deep-Learning/
5.deep-learning-drizzle-https://deep-learning-drizzle.github.io/
6.Fastaibook-https://github.com/fastai/fastbook
7.TopDeepLearning-https://github.com/aymericdamien/TopDeepLearning
8.NLP-progress-https://github.com/sebastianruder/NLP-progress
9.EasyOCR-https://github.com/JaidedAI/EasyOCR
10.Awesome-pytorch-list-https://github.com/bharathgs/Awesome-pytorch-list
11.free-data-science-books-https://github.com/chaconnewu/free-data-science-books
12.arcgis-https://github.com/Esri/arcgis-python-api
13.data-science-ipython-notebooks-https://github.com/donnemartin/data-science-ipython-notebooks
14.julia-https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia , https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/
15.google-research-https://github.com/google-research/google-research
16.reinforcement-learning-https://github.com/dennybritz/reinforcement-learning
17.keras-applications-https://github.com/keras-team/keras-applications , https://github.com/keras-team/keras
18.opencv-https://github.com/opencv/opencv
19.transformers-https://github.com/huggingface/transformers
20.code implementations for research papers-https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/find-code-for-research-pa/aikkeehnlfpamidigaffhfmgbkdeheil
21.regarding satellite images-https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/about-arcgis/overview
22.Monk_Object_Detection-https://github.com/Tessellate-Imaging/Monk_Object_Detection
23.NLP-progress - https://github.com/sebastianruder/NLP-progress
24.interview-question-data-science-https://github.com/iNeuronai/interview-question-data-science-
25.recommenders-https://github.com/microsoft/recommenders
26.Awesome-NLP-Resources -https://github.com/Robofied/Awesome-NLP-Resources
27.Tool for visualizing attention in the Transformer model-https://github.com/jessevig/bertviz
28.TransCoder-https://github.com/facebookresearch/TransCoder
29.Tessellate-Imaging-https://github.com/Tessellate-Imaging/monk_v1
Monk_Object_Detection-https://github.com/Tessellate-Imaging/Monk_Object_Detection/tree/master/application_model_zoo
30.Machine-Learning-with-Python-https://github.com/tirthajyoti/Machine-Learning-with-Python
31.huggingface-https://github.com/huggingface
32.multi-task-NLP-https://github.com/hellohaptik/multi-task-NLP
33.gpt-2 - https://github.com/openai/gpt-2
34.Powerful and efficient Computer Vision Annotation Tool (CVAT)-https://github.com/openvinotoolkit/cvat, https://github.com/abreheret/PixelAnnotationTool
https://github.com/UniversalDataTool/universal-data-tool
35.Data augmentation for NLP-https://github.com/makcedward/nlpaug
36.awesome Data Science-https://github.com/academic/awesome-datascience
37.mlops-https://github.com/visenger/awesome-mlops
38.gym-https://github.com/openai/gym
39.Super Duper NLP Repo-https://notebooks.quantumstat.com/
40.papers summarizing the advances in the field-https://github.com/eugeneyan/ml-surveys
41.deep-translator-https://github.com/nidhaloff/deep-translator
42.detext-https://github.com/linkedin/detext
43.nlpaug-https://github.com/makcedward/nlpaug
44.ipython-sql-https://github.com/catherinedevlin/ipython-sql
45.libra-https://github.com/Palashio/libra
46.opencv-https://github.com/opencv/opencv
47.learnopencv-https://github.com/spmallick/learnopencv , https://www.learnopencv.com/
48.math is fun-https://www.mathsisfun.com/ , https://pabloinsente.github.io/intro-linear-algebra, https://hadrienj.github.io/posts/Deep-Learning-Book-Series-Introduction/
49.DEEP LEARNING WITH PYTORCH: A 60 MINUTE BLITZ - https://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/deep_learning_60min_blitz.html
50.Spark Release 3.0.1-https://spark.apache.org/releases/spark-release-3-0-1.html
51.for more cheatsheets-https://github.com/FavioVazquez/ds-cheatsheets
52.text2emotion-https://pypi.org/project/text2emotion/
53.ExploriPy-https://analyticsindiamag.com/hands-on-tutorial-on-exploripy-effortless-target-based-eda-tool/
54.TCN-https://github.com/philipperemy/keras-tcn
55.deeplearning-models-https://github.com/rasbt/deeplearning-models
56.earthengine-py-notebooks-https://github.com/giswqs/earthengine-py-notebooks
57.NLP-progress -https://github.com/sebastianruder/NLP-progress
58.numerical-linear-algebra -https://github.com/fastai/numerical-linear-algebra
59.Super Duper NLP Repo- https://notebooks.quantumstat.com/
Follow leaders in the field to update yourself in the field
1.Linkedin
2.Twitter
Free CPU/GPU/TPU
1.Google cloab
2.Kaggle kernel
So what next ?
participate online competition and do project and apply to intership , job,real world problems, etc...
online competitions:
1.Kaggle-https://www.kaggle.com/
2.hackerearth-https://www.hackerearth.com/challenges/
3.machinehack-https://www.machinehack.com/
4.analyticsvidhya-https://datahack.analyticsvidhya.com/contest/all/
5.zindi-https://zindi.africa/competitions
6.crowdai-https://www.crowdai.org/
7.driven data-https://www.drivendata.org/
some useful content :
-
H20.ai
-
Tpot
-
autopandas
-
AutoGluon
-
autosklearn
-
autoviml
-
autoViz
-
sweetviz (EDA purpose) - https://pypi.org/project/sweetviz/
-
pandasprofiling(display whole EDA) - https://pypi.org/project/pandas-profiling/
-
autokeras
-
pycaret- https://pycaret.org/
12.Auto_Timeseries by auto_ts
13.AutoNLP_Sentiment_Analysis by autoviml
14.automl lazypredict https://github.com/shankarpandala/lazypredict
15.bamboolib or pandas-ui (python package for easy data exploration & transformation) https://bamboolib.8080labs.com/ , https://pypi.org/project/pandas-ui/
16.CUPY (array process parallel in gpu) https://pypi.org/project/cupy/
17.Dabl has a built-in function that will automatically detect data types and quality issues and apply appropriate pre-processing to a dataset to prepare it for machine learning. https://pypi.org/project/dabl/
18.dask (parallel comptataion) https://docs.dask.org/en/latest/
19.dataprep (Understand your data with a few lines of code in seconds)
data-preparation-tools - https://improvado.io/blog/data-preparation-tools
20.Dora library is another data analysis library designed to simplify exploratory data analysis. https://pypi.org/project/Dora/
21.FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs. https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/
22.faster Hyper Parameter Tuning(sklearn-nature-inspired-algorithms) https://pypi.org/project/sklearn-nature-inspired-algorithms/
23.FlashText (A library faster than Regular Expressions for NLP tasks) https://pypi.org/project/flashtext/
24.Guietta (tool that makes simple GUIs simple) https://pypi.org/project/guietta/
25.hummingbird (make code fastly exexcute) https://pypi.org/project/Hummingbird/
26.memory-profiler (tell memory consumption line by line) https://pypi.org/project/memory-profiler/
27.numexpr (incerease speed of execution of numpy) https://github.com/pydata/numexpr
28.pandarallel (simple and efficient tool to parallelize your pandas computation on all your CPUs) https://pypi.org/project/pandarallel/
29.PDFTableExtract(by PyPDF2) https://github.com/ashima/pdf-table-extract
30.PyImpuyte(Python package that simplifies the task of imputing missing values in big datasets) https://pypi.org/project/PyImpuyte/
31.libra(Automates the end-to-end machine learning process in just one line of code) https://pypi.org/project/libra/
32.debug code by puyton -m pdp -c continue
33.cURL (This is a useful tool for obtaining data from any server via a variety of protocols including HTTP.) https://stackabuse.com/using-curl-in-python-with-pycurl/
34.csvkit https://pypi.org/project/csvkit/
35.IPython IPython gives access to enhanced interactive python from the shell.
36.pip install faker (Create our own Dataset) https://pypi.org/project/Faker/
37.Python debugger %pdb
38.𝚟𝚘𝚒𝚕𝚊-From notebooks to standalone web applications and dashboards https://voila.readthedocs.io/en/stable/ https://github.com/voila-dashboards/voila
39.𝚝𝚜𝚕𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚗 for timeseries data https://github.com/tslearn-team/tslearn
40.texthero text-based dataset in Pandas Dataframe quickly and effortlessly https://github.com/jbesomi/texthero
41.𝚔𝚊𝚕𝚎𝚒𝚍𝚘(web-based visualization libraries like your Jupyter Notebook with zero dependencies) https://pypi.org/project/kaleido/
42.Vaex- Reading And Processing Huge Datasets in seconds https://github.com/vaexio/vaex
43.Uber’s Ludwig is an Open Source Framework for Low-Code Machine Learning https://eng.uber.com/introducing-ludwig/
44.Google's TAPAS, a BERT-Based Model for Querying Tables Using Natural Language https://github.com/google-research/tapas
45.RAPIDS open GPU Data Science https://rapids.ai/
46.pyforest Lazy-import of all popular Python Data Science libraries. Stop writing the same imports over and over again. https://pypi.org/project/pyforest/0.1.1/
47.Modin Get faster Pandas with Modin https://github.com/modin-project/modin
48.Text2Code for Jupyter notebook - https://github.com/deepklarity/jupyter-text2code , https://towardsdatascience.com/data-analysis-made-easy-text2code-for-jupyter-notebook-5380e89bb493
49.Openrefine Tool-For Data Preprocessing Without Code https://analyticsindiamag.com/openrefine-tutorial-a-tool-for-data-preprocessing-without-code/
50.Microsoft Releases Latest Version Of DeepSpeed deep learning optimisation library known as DeepSpeed- https://github.com/microsoft/DeepSpeed
51.4-pandas-tricks-https://towardsdatascience.com/4-pandas-tricks-that-most-people-dont-know-86a70a007993
52.tkinter to deploy machine learning model-https://analyticsindiamag.com/complete-tutorial-on-tkinter-to-deploy-machine-learning-model/
53.autoplotter is a python package for GUI based exploratory data analysis-https://github.com/ersaurabhverma/autoplotter
54.3 NLP Interpretability Tools For Debugging Language Models-https://www.topbots.com/nlp-interpretability-tools/
I will be so happy that this repository helps you. Thank you for reading.
HAPPY LEARNING