Aim: to perform Parts of speech identification and Synonym using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques.
Step 1: Import the nltk library.
Step 2: Download the 'punkt', 'wordnet', and 'averaged_perceptron_tagger' resources.
Step 3:Accept user input for the text.
Step 4:Tokenize the input text into words using the word_tokenize function.
Step 5:Iterate through each word in the tokenized text.
• Perform part-of-speech tagging on the tokenized words using nltk.pos_tag.
• Print each word along with its corresponding part-of-speech tag.
• For each verb , iterate through its synsets (sets of synonyms) using wordnet.synsets(word).
• Extract synonyms and antonyms using lemma.name() and lemma.antonyms()[0].name() respectively.
• Print the unique sets of synonyms and antonyms.
import nltk
from nltk.corpus import wordnet
nltk.download('averaged_perceptron_tagger')
nltk.download('wordnet')
nltk.download('punkt')
# Function to identify verbs in a sentence
def get_verbs(sentence):
verbs = []
pos_tags = nltk.pos_tag(nltk.word_tokenize(sentence))
for word, tag in pos_tags:
if tag.startswith('V'): # Verbs start with 'V' in the POS tag
verbs.append(word)
return verbs
def get_synonyms(word):
synonyms = []
for syn in wordnet.synsets(word):
for lemma in syn.lemmas():
synonyms.append(lemma.name())
return synonyms
def read_text_file(file_path):
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
text = file.read()
return text
def main():
file_path = 'sample.txt'
text = read_text_file(file_path)
sentences = nltk.sent_tokenize(text)
all_verbs = []
synonyms_dict = {}
for sentence in sentences:
verbs = get_verbs(sentence)
all_verbs.extend(verbs)
for verb in verbs:
synonyms = get_synonyms(verb)
synonyms_dict[verb] = synonyms
with open('output.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:
writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
writer.writerow(['Verb', 'Synonyms'])
for verb, synonyms in synonyms_dict.items():
writer.writerow([verb, ', '.join(synonyms)])
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()| Verb | Synonyms |
|---|---|
| was | Washington, Evergreen_State, WA, be, be, be, exist, be, be, equal, be, constitute, represent, make_up, comprise, be, be, follow, embody, be, personify, be, be, live, be, cost, be |
| named | name, call, name, identify, name, nominate, make, appoint, name, nominate, constitute, name, mention, advert, bring_up, cite, name, refer, identify, discover, key, key_out, distinguish, describe, name, list, name, diagnose, name |
| lived | populate, dwell, live, inhabit, live, survive, last, live, live_on, go, endure, hold_up, hold_out, exist, survive, live, subsist, be, live, know, experience, live, live |
| loved | love, love, enjoy, love, sleep_together, roll_in_the_hay, love, make_out, make_love, sleep_with, get_laid, have_sex, know, do_it, be_intimate, have_intercourse, have_it_away, have_it_off, screw, fuck, jazz, eff, hump, lie_with, bed, have_a_go_at_it, bang, get_it_on, bonk, loved |
| explore | research, search, explore, explore, explore, explore |
| exploring | research, search, explore, explore, explore, explore |
| came | come, come_up, arrive, get, come, come, come, come, follow, come, issue_forth, come, hail, come, come, come, come, fall, come, come, total, number, add_up, come, amount, come, add_up, amount, come, come_in, occur, come, derive, come, descend, do, fare, make_out, come, get_along, come, come |
| peered | peer |
| see | see, see, understand, realize, realise, see, witness, find, see, visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, see, figure, picture, image, see, consider, reckon, view, regard, learn, hear, get_word, get_wind, pick_up, find_out, get_a_line, discover, see, watch, view, see, catch, take_in, meet, run_into, encounter, run_across, come_across, see, determine, check, find_out, see, ascertain, watch, learn, see, check, insure, see_to_it, ensure, control, ascertain, assure, see, see, visit, see, attend, take_care, look, see, see, go_steady, go_out, date, see, see, see, see, examine, see, experience, see, go_through, see, escort, see, interpret, construe, see |
| decided | decide, make_up_one's_mind, determine, decide, settle, resolve, adjudicate, decide, decide, distinct, decided |
| climb | ascent, acclivity, rise, raise, climb, upgrade, climb, climbing, mounting, climb, mount, climb, climb_up, mount, go_up, climb, wax, mount, climb, rise, climb, climb, rise, go_up, climb |
| led | light-emitting_diode, LED, lead, take, direct, conduct, guide, leave, result, lead, lead, lead, head, lead, run, go, pass, lead, extend, head, lead, lead, top, contribute, lead, conduce, conduct, lead, direct, go, lead, precede, lead, run, lead, moderate, chair, lead |
| fell | hide, fell, fell, felled_seam, fell, fell, drop, strike_down, cut_down, fly, fell, vanish, fell, fall, descend, fall, go_down, come_down, fall, fall, come, precipitate, come_down, fall, fall, fall, fall, shine, strike, fall, fall, decrease, diminish, lessen, fall, fall, fall, fall, fall, fall, fall, fall, accrue, fall, fall, light, fall, return, pass, devolve, fall, fall, fall_down, fall, hang, fall, flow, fall, fall, fall, fall, fall, fall, fall, descend, settle, barbarous, brutal, cruel, fell, roughshod, savage, vicious |
| landed | land, set_down, land, put_down, bring_down, bring, land, land, land, land, set_ashore, shore, down, shoot_down, land, landed |
| found | found, establish, set_up, found, launch, establish, found, plant, constitute, institute, establish, base, ground, found, find, happen, chance, bump, encounter, detect, observe, find, discover, notice, find, regain, determine, find, find_out, ascertain, find, feel, witness, find, see, line_up, get_hold, come_up, find, discover, find, discover, find, find, rule, find, receive, get, find, obtain, incur, find, recover, retrieve, find, regain, find, find_oneself, find, found |
| were | be, be, be, exist, be, be, equal, be, constitute, represent, make_up, comprise, be, be, follow, embody, be, personify, be, be, live, be, cost, be |
| talking | talk, talking, talk, speak, talk, speak, utter, mouth, verbalize, verbalise, speak, talk, spill, talk, spill_the_beans, let_the_cat_out_of_the_bag, talk, tattle, blab, peach, babble, sing, babble_out, blab_out, lecture, talk |
| had | have, have_got, hold, have, feature, experience, receive, have, get, own, have, possess, get, let, have, consume, ingest, take_in, take, have, have, hold, throw, have, make, give, have, have, have, experience, have, induce, stimulate, cause, have, get, make, accept, take, have, receive, have, suffer, sustain, have, get, have, get, make, give_birth, deliver, bear, birth, have, take, have |
| learned | learn, larn, acquire, learn, hear, get_word, get_wind, pick_up, find_out, get_a_line, discover, see, memorize, memorise, con, learn, learn, study, read, take, teach, learn, instruct, determine, check, find_out, see, ascertain, watch, learn, erudite, learned, knowing, knowledgeable, learned, lettered, well-educated, well-read, conditioned, learned |
| arguing | controversy, contention, contestation, disputation, disceptation, tilt, argument, arguing, argue, reason, argue, contend, debate, fence, argue, indicate |
| do | bash, do, brawl, do, doh, ut, Doctor_of_Osteopathy, DO, make, do, perform, execute, do, do, perform, do, fare, make_out, come, get_along, cause, do, make, practice, practise, exercise, do, suffice, do, answer, serve, do, make, act, behave, do, serve, do, do, manage, dress, arrange, set, do, coif, coiffe, coiffure, do |
| terrorizing | terrorize, terrorise, terrify, terrorize, terrorise |
| help | aid, assist, assistance, help, assistant, helper, help, supporter, aid, assistance, help, avail, help, service, help, assist, aid, help, aid, help, facilitate, help_oneself, help, serve, help, help, avail, help, help |
| defeat | defeat, licking, frustration, defeat, get_the_better_of, overcome, defeat, kill, shoot_down, defeat, vote_down, vote_out |
| went | travel, go, move, locomote, go, proceed, move, go, go_away, depart, become, go, get, go, run, go, run, go, pass, lead, extend, proceed, go, go, go, sound, go, function, work, operate, go, run, run_low, run_short, go, move, go, run, survive, last, live, live_on, go, endure, hold_up, hold_out, go, die, decease, perish, go, exit, pass_away, expire, pass, kick_the_bucket, cash_in_one's_chips, buy_the_farm, conk, give-up_the_ghost, drop_dead, pop_off, choke, croak, snuff_it, belong, go, go, start, go, get_going, move, go, go, go, blend, go, blend_in, go, lead, fit, go, rifle, go, go, plump, go, fail, go_bad, give_way, die, give_out, conk_out, go, break, break_down |
| challenged | challenge, dispute, gainsay, challenge, challenge, challenge, take_exception |
| surprised | surprise, surprise, storm, surprise, surprised |
| agreed | agree, hold, concur, concord, agree, match, fit, correspond, check, jibe, gibe, tally, agree, harmonize, harmonise, consort, accord, concord, fit_in, agree, agree, agree, agree, agreed, in_agreement |
| fight | battle, conflict, fight, engagement, fight, fighting, combat, scrap, competitiveness, fight, fight, fight, contend, fight, struggle, fight, oppose, fight_back, fight_down, defend, fight, struggle, crusade, fight, press, campaign, push, agitate |
| fought | contend, fight, struggle, fight, oppose, fight_back, fight_down, defend, fight, struggle, crusade, fight, press, campaign, push, agitate |
| defeated | defeated, discomfited, get_the_better_of, overcome, defeat, kill, shoot_down, defeat, vote_down, vote_out, defeated, defeated, disappointed, discomfited, foiled, frustrated, thwarted |
| saving | economy, saving, rescue, deliverance, delivery, saving, preservation, saving, salvage, salve, relieve, save, save, preserve, save, carry_through, pull_through, bring_through, save, save, lay_aside, save_up, save, make_unnecessary, deliver, redeem, save, spare, save, save, economize, economise, keep_open, hold_open, keep, save, write, save, redemptive, redeeming, saving, saving |
| threw | throw, throw, shed, cast, cast_off, shake_off, throw, throw_off, throw_away, drop, throw, thrust, give, throw, throw, flip, switch, project, cast, contrive, throw, throw, bewilder, bemuse, discombobulate, throw, hurl, throw, hold, throw, have, make, give, throw, throw, throw, confuse, throw, fox, befuddle, fuddle, bedevil, confound, discombobulate |
| return | tax_return, income_tax_return, return, return, homecoming, return, coming_back, restitution, return, restoration, regaining, return, return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff, recurrence, return, rejoinder, retort, return, riposte, replication, comeback, counter, return_key, return, return, paying_back, getting_even, return, return, reappearance, return, return, render, return, revert, return, retrovert, regress, turn_back, hark_back, return, come_back, recall, return, take_back, bring_back, return, return, retort, come_back, repay, return, riposte, rejoin, come_back, return, refund, return, repay, give_back, render, deliver, return, reelect, return, fall, return, pass, devolve, return, render, yield, return, give, generate, return |
| said | state, say, tell, allege, aver, say, suppose, say, read, say, order, tell, enjoin, say, pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound_out, enunciate, say, say, say, say, say, say, aforesaid, aforementioned, said |
| climbed | climb, climb_up, mount, go_up, climb, wax, mount, climb, rise, climb, climb, rise, go_up, climb |
| reached | reach, make, attain, hit, arrive_at, gain, reach, hit, attain, reach, reach_out, reach, get_through, get_hold_of, contact, achieve, accomplish, attain, reach, reach, extend_to, touch, reach, make, get_to, progress_to, pass, hand, reach, pass_on, turn_over, give, strive, reach, strain |
| glad | gladiolus, gladiola, glad, sword_lily, glad, glad, happy, glad, beaming, glad |
| be | beryllium, Be, glucinium, atomic_number_4, be, be, be, exist, be, be, equal, be, constitute, represent, make_up, comprise, be, be, follow, embody, be, personify, be, be, live, be, cost, be |
| knew | know, cognize, cognise, know, know, know, know, experience, live, acknowledge, recognize, recognise, know, know, sleep_together, roll_in_the_hay, love, make_out, make_love, sleep_with, get_laid, have_sex, know, do_it, be_intimate, have_intercourse, have_it_away, have_it_off, screw, fuck, jazz, eff, hump, lie_with, bed, have_a_go_at_it, bang, get_it_on, bonk, know, know, know |
| forget | forget, bury, forget, block, blank_out, draw_a_blank, forget, forget, leave |
| are | are, ar, be, be, be, exist, be, be, equal, be, constitute, represent, make_up, comprise, be, be, follow, embody, be, personify, be, be, live, be, cost, be |
| used | use, utilize, utilise, apply, employ, use, habituate, use, expend, use, practice, apply, use, use, used, exploited, ill-used, put-upon, used, victimized, victimised, secondhand, used |
| explored | research, search, explore, explore, explore, explore |
| tell | Tell, William_Tell, state, say, tell, tell, tell, narrate, recount, recite, order, tell, enjoin, say, tell, assure, tell, tell, evidence, distinguish, separate, differentiate, secern, secernate, severalize, severalise, tell, tell_apart |
| create | make, create, create, create, create, create, make, produce, make, create |
| show | show, display, show, show, appearance, show, show, demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate, prove, demonstrate, establish, show, shew, testify, bear_witness, prove, evidence, show, show, picture, depict, render, show, express, show, evince, indicate, point, designate, show, show, show_up, read, register, show, record, show, usher, show, show |
Thus, we have successfully implemented a program for Natural Language Processing.