[LeetCode] 115. Distinct Subsequences
grandyang opened this issue · comments
Given a string S and a string T, count the number of distinct subsequences of S which equals T.
A subsequence of a string is a new string which is formed from the original string by deleting some (can be none) of the characters without disturbing the relative positions of the remaining characters. (ie, "ACE"
is a subsequence of "ABCDE"
while "AEC"
is not).
Example 1:
Input: S = "rabbbit", T = "rabbit"
Output: 3
Explanation:
As shown below, there are 3 ways you can generate "rabbit" from S.
(The caret symbol ^ means the chosen letters)
rabbbit
^^^^ ^^
rabbbit
^^ ^^^^
rabbbit
^^^ ^^^
Example 2:
Input: S = "babgbag", T = "bag"
Output: 5
Explanation:
As shown below, there are 5 ways you can generate "bag" from S.
(The caret symbol ^ means the chosen letters)
babgbag
^^ ^
babgbag
^^ ^
babgbag
^ ^^
babgbag
^ ^^
babgbag
^^^
看到有关字符串的子序列或者配准类的问题,首先应该考虑的就是用动态规划 Dynamic Programming 来求解,这个应成为条件反射。而所有 DP 问题的核心就是找出状态转移方程,想这道题就是递推一个二维的 dp 数组,其中 dp[i][j] 表示s中范围是 [0, i] 的子串中能组成t中范围是 [0, j] 的子串的子序列的个数。下面我们从题目中给的例子来分析,这个二维 dp 数组应为:
Ø r a b b b i t
Ø 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
r 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
a 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
b 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 3
b 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 3
i 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3
t 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
首先,若原字符串和子序列都为空时,返回1,因为空串也是空串的一个子序列。若原字符串不为空,而子序列为空,也返回1,因为空串也是任意字符串的一个子序列。而当原字符串为空,子序列不为空时,返回0,因为非空字符串不能当空字符串的子序列。理清这些,二维数组 dp 的边缘便可以初始化了,下面只要找出状态转移方程,就可以更新整个 dp 数组了。我们通过观察上面的二维数组可以发现,当更新到 dp[i][j] 时,dp[i][j] >= dp[i][j - 1] 总是成立,再进一步观察发现,当 T[i - 1] == S[j - 1] 时,dp[i][j] = dp[i][j - 1] + dp[i - 1][j - 1],若不等, dp[i][j] = dp[i][j - 1],所以,综合以上,递推式为:
dp[i][j] = dp[i][j - 1] + (T[i - 1] == S[j - 1] ? dp[i - 1][j - 1] : 0)
根据以上分析,可以写出代码如下:
class Solution {
public:
int numDistinct(string s, string t) {
int m = s.size(), n = t.size();
vector<vector<long>> dp(n + 1, vector<long>(m + 1));
for (int j = 0; j <= m; ++j) dp[0][j] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; ++j) {
dp[i][j] = dp[i][j - 1] + (t[i - 1] == s[j - 1] ? dp[i - 1][j - 1] : 0);
}
}
return dp[n][m];
}
};
Github 同步地址:
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/distinct-subsequences/
https://leetcode.com/problems/distinct-subsequences/discuss/37327/Easy-to-understand-DP-in-Java
no need to use a two dimensional array. just use two one dimensional vectors of s.size()+1
可以用一维数组来solve这个题目,写起来也意外的很简单, 另外dp可能会数组越界, 用long比较好。
class Solution { public: int numDistinct(string s, string t) { if(t.size() > s.size()) return 0; if(t.size()== s.size()) return s==t; vector < long> dp(t.size()+1,0); dp[0] = 1; for(int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i){ for(int j =static_cast(t.size())-1; j>=0; --j){ //dp[j] means number of subsequence that has matched j char in t, need to compare with t[j] if(t[j]==s[i]){ dp[j+1] += dp[j];//use this character, so dp[j+1] should be modified //at the same time keep dp[j] unchanged, which means skip this character } } } return dp.back(); } };