GiuseppeMP/8814au

Click for USB WiFi Adapter Information for Linux

8814au ( 8814au.ko ) 🚀

Linux Driver for USB WiFi Adapters that are based on the RTL8814AU Chipset

v5.8.5.1 (Realtek) (2019-10-29)
Plus updates from the Linux community

Features

IEEE 802.11 b/g/n/ac WiFi compliant
802.1x, WEP, WPA TKIP and WPA2 AES/Mixed mode for PSK and TLS (Radius)
WPS - PIN and PBC Methods
IEEE 802.11b/g/n/ac Client mode
- Support wireless security for WEP, WPA TKIP and WPA2 AES PSK
- Support site survey scan and manual connect
- Support WPA/WPA2 TLS client
- Support power saving mode
Soft AP mode
WiFi-Direct
MU-MIMO
Mesh
Wake on WLAN
Supported interface modes:
- IBSS
- Managed (client)
- AP (does not work well)
- Monitor (does not work well)
- P2P-client
- P2P-GO
USB mode control
Log level control
LED control
Power saving control
VHT control (allows 80 MHz channel width in AP mode)

Note: WPA3-AES does not work. If you need a comparable adapter that does support WPA3-AES, I will suggest an Alfa AWUS036ACM. You can get more information and links about this adapter at the following site:

https://github.com/morrownr/USB-WiFi

Overall thoughts: This driver works good in managed (client) mode but there are some issues with master (AP) and monitor modes. What we need is a modernized update to the source and only Realtek can provide that. There is only so much that I and others can do to make this driver better. If you need an adapter that works very well in master and/or monitor modes, I suggest adapters based on the mt7612u/mt7610u or rtl8812au/rtl8811au chipsets with priority given the the Mediatek (mt) chipsets since the drivers for those chipsets are in the Linux kernel and are standards compliant and well maintained.

Compatible CPUs

x86, amd64
ARM, ARM64

Compatible Kernels

Kernels: 2.6.24 - 5.2 (Realtek)
Kernels: 5.3 - 5.12

Tested Linux Distributions

Arch Linux (kernel 5.4)
Arch Linux (kernel 5.9)
Linux Mint 20.1 (Linux Mint based on Ubuntu) (kernel 5.4)
Linux Mint 20 (Linux Mint based on Ubuntu) (kernel 5.4)
Linux Mint 19.3 (Linux Mint based on Ubuntu) (kernel 5.4)
LMDE 4 (Linux Mint based on Debian) (kernel 4.19)
Manjaro 20.1 (kernel 5.9)
Raspberry Pi OS (2021-01-11) (ARM 32 bit) (kernel 5.10)
Raspberry Pi Desktop (x86 32 bit) (kernel 4.9)
Ubuntu 20.10 (kernel 5.8)
Ubuntu 20.04 (kernel 5.4)
Ubuntu 18.04 (kernel 5.4)

Download Locations for Tested Linux Distributions

Tested Hardware

Compatible Devices

Warning: Beware of "multi-state" USB WiFi adapters. Some USB WiFi adapters have proprietary Windows drivers onboard. When plugged in, they act like a flash drive or CDROM and on Windows will attempt to start installing the Windows driver. That won't work on Linux or MAC or any other non-Windows OS so the adapter sits there in flash drive or CDROM mode. The problem is that the state of the adapter has to be changed for the adapter to show up as the device that you expect, in this case, a WiFi adapter. Most modern Linux distributions ship with a utility called "usb-modeswitch" that will handle this issue for you if it has the correct information for your adapter. It is a good utility but if you buy adapters that are "multi-state," that is one more potential headache you may have to deal with when something goes wrong. Often you can indentify adapters that are "multi-state" as they are advertised as "free driver" or "free installation driver." If you are looking to buy a USB WiFi adapter for use on Linux, MAC OS, *NIX or anything besides Windows, it is a good idea to seek out single-state adapters.

Note: Some adapter makers change the chipsets in their products while keeping the same model number so please check to confirm that the product you plan to buy has the chipset you are expecting.

D-Link DWA-192 AC1900 Ultra Wi-Fi USB 3.0 Adapter
ASUS USB-AC68 AC1900 Dual-Band USB 3.0 WiFi Adapter
Edimax EW-7833 UAC AC1750 Dual-Band Wi-Fi USB 3.0 Adapter
Numerous products that are based on the supported chipset

Installation Information

The installation instructions are for the novice user. Experienced users are welcome to alter the installation to meet their needs.

Temporary internet access is required for installation. There are numerous ways to enable temporary internet access depending on your hardware and situation. One method is to use tethering from a phone.

Another method to enable temporary internet access is to keep a wifi adapter that uses an in-kernel driver in your toolkit.

You will need to use the terminal interface. The quick way to open a terminal: Ctrl+Alt+T (hold down on the Ctrl and Alt keys then press the T key)

DKMS is used for the installation. DKMS is a system utility which will automatically recompile and install this driver when a new kernel is installed. DKMS is provided by and maintained by Dell.

It is recommended that you do not delete the driver directory after installation as the directory contains information and scripts that you may need in the future.

Installation Steps

Step 1: Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T)

Step 2: Update the system (select the option for the OS you are using)

    Option for Debian based distributions such as Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Kali and the Raspberry Pi OS

    $ sudo apt-get update

    Option for Arch based distributions such as Manjaro

    $ sudo pacman -Syu

Step 3: Install the required packages (select the option for the OS you are using)

    Option for Raspberry Pi OS

    $ sudo apt-get install -y raspberrypi-kernel-headers bc build-essential dkms git

    Option for Debian, Kali or Linux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE)

    $ sudo apt-get install -y linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential dkms git libelf-dev

    Option for Ubuntu (all flavors) or Linux Mint

    $ sudo apt-get install -y dkms git

    Option for Arch or Manjaro

    $ sudo pacman -S --noconfirm linux-headers dkms git

Step 4: Create a directory to hold the downloaded driver

$ mkdir src

Step 5: Move to the newly created directory

$ cd ~/src

Step 6: Download the driver

$ git clone https://github.com/morrownr/8814au.git

Step 7: Move to the newly created driver directory

$ cd ~/src/8814au

Step 8: Warning: this step only applies if you are installing to Raspberry Pi hardware.

Run a preparation script

    Option for 32 bit operating systems to be installed to Raspberry Pi hardware

    $ sudo ./raspi32.sh

    Option for 64 bit operating systems to be installed to Raspberry Pi hardware

    $ sudo ./raspi64.sh

Step 9: Run the installation script

$ sudo ./install-driver.sh

Step 10: Reboot

$ sudo reboot

Driver Options

A file called 8814au.conf will be installed in /etc/modeprob.d by default.

/etc/modprobe.d/8814au.conf

This file will be read and applied to the driver on each system boot.

To edit the driver options file, run the edit-options.sh script.

$ sudo ./edit-options.sh

The driver options are as follows

Log level options ( rtw_drv_log_level )

 0 = NONE (default)
 1 = ALWAYS
 2 = ERROR
 3 = WARNING
 4 = INFO
 5 = DEBUG
 6 = MAX

Note: You can save a log of RTW log entries by running the following in a terminal:

$ sudo ./save-log.sh

LED control options ( rtw_led_ctrl )

 0 = Always off
 1 = Normal blink (default)
 2 = Always on

VHT enable options ( rtw_vht_enable )

  0 = Disable
  1 = Enable (default)
  2 = Force auto enable (use caution)

Notes:

Unless you know what you are doing, don't change the default for rtw_vht_enable.
A non-default setting can degrade performance greatly in some operational modes.
For AP mode, such as when you are using Hostapd, setting this option to 2 will allow 80 MHz channel width.

Power saving options ( rtw_power_mgnt )

 0 = Disable power saving
 1 = Power saving on, minPS (default)
 2 = Power saving on, maxPS

Note: 0 may be useful in unattended server setups or if dropouts are experienced.

USB mode options ( rtw_switch_usb_mode )

 0 = No switch (default)
 1 = Switch from usb 2.0 to usb 3.0
 2 = Switch from usb 3.0 to usb 2.0

Note: When changing USB options, a cold boot is recommended.

Information about USB 3 support

USB 3 support is off by default as there can be problems with older USB 3 ports, however, almost all USB 3 ports on modern systems work well so turning USB 3 support on should work fine for almost everyone and the difference in performance can be large.

See what your USB mode is:

$ lsusb -t

USB 2 =  480 Mb/s
USB 3 = 5000 Mb/s

iperf3 test results with USB 3 mode on

Bitrate
-------------
590 Mbits/sec
596 Mbits/sec
599 Mbits/sec
624 Mbits/sec
629 Mbits/sec
607 Mbits/sec
607 Mbits/sec
616 Mbits/sec
611 Mbits/sec

Removal of the Driver

Note: This script should be used in the following situations:

the driver is no longer needed
a fresh start with default settings is needed
a new version of the driver needs to be installed
a major operating system upgrade is going to be applied

Step 1: Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T)

Step 2: Move to the driver directory

$ cd ~/src/8814au

Step 3: Run the removal script

$ sudo ./remove-driver.sh

Step 4: Reboot

$ sudo reboot

Recommended Router Settings for WiFi

Note: These are general recommendations, some of which may not apply to your specific situation.

Security: Set WPA2-AES. Do not set WPA2 mixed mode or WPA or TKIP.

Channel width for 2.4G: Set 20 MHz fixed width. Do not use 40 MHz or 20/40 automatic.

Channels for 2.4G: Set channel 1 or 6 or 11 depending on the congestion at your location. Do not set automatic channel selection.

Mode for 2.4G: Set "N only" if you no longer use B or G capable devices.

Network names: Do not set the 2.4G Network and the 5G Network to the same name. Note: Unfortunately many routers come with both networks set to the same name.

Channels for 5G: Not all devices are capable of using DFS channels. It may be necessary to set channel 36 or 149 fixed depending on the congestion at your location.

Best location for the router: Near center of apartment or house, at least a couple of feet away from walls, in an elevated location.

Check congestion: There are apps available for smart phones that allow you to check the congestion levels on wifi channels. The apps generally go by the name of WiFi Analyzer or something similar.

After making and saving changes, reboot the router.

Set regulatory domain to correct setting in OS

Check the current setting

$ sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is the default and may not provide optimal performance.

Find the correct setting here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2

Set it temporarily

$ sudo iw reg set US

Note: Substitute your country code if you are not in the United States.

Set it permanently

$ sudo nano /etc/default/crda

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=US

Recommendations regarding USB

If connecting your USB WiFi adapter to a desktop computer, use the USB ports on the rear of the computer. Why? The ports on the rear are directly connected to the motherboard which will reduce problems with interference and disconnection that can happen with front ports that use cables.
If your USB WiFi adapter is USB 3 capable then plug it into a USB 3 port.
If you use an extension cable and your adapter is USB 3 capable, the cable needs to be USB 3 capable.
Some USB WiFi adapters require considerable electrical current and push the capabilities of the power available via USB port. One example is devices that use the Realtek 8814au chipset. Using a powered multiport USB extension can be a good idea in cases like this.

How to disable onboard WiFi on Raspberry Pi 3B, 3B+, 3A+, 4B and Zero W.

Add the following line to /boot/config.txt

dtoverlay=disable-wifi

How to forget a saved WiFi network on a Raspberry Pi

Edit wpa_supplicant.conf

$ sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

Delete the relevant WiFi network block (including the 'network=' and opening/closing braces.
Press ctrl-x followed by 'y' and enter to save the file.
Reboot

GiuseppeMP / 8814au