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Welcome to Exiv2

Exiv2 is a C++ library and a command-line utility to read, write, delete and modify Exif, IPTC, XMP and ICC image metadata.

Exiv2 Resource	Location
Releases and Documentation Prereleases: Project Resources License (GPLv2) CMake Downloads	https://exiv2.org https://pre-release.exiv2.org https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2 COPYING https://cmake.org/download/
README.md README-CONAN.md README-SAMPLES.md	User Manual. This document Conan User Manual click here Sample Code Manual. click here

The file ReadMe.txt in a build bundle describes how to install the library on the platform. ReadMe.txt also documents how to compile and link code on the platform.

Welcome to Exiv2
Building, Installing, Using and Uninstalling Exiv2
License and Support
1. License
2. Support
Test Suite
Platform Notes
1. Linux
2. macOS
3. MinGW/msys2
4. Cygwin
5. Visual Studio
6. Unix

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2 Building, Installing, Using and Uninstalling Exiv2

You need CMake to configure the Exiv2 project and the GCC or Clang compiler and associated tool chain.

2.1 Build, Install, Use Exiv2 on a UNIX-like system

$ cd ~/gnu/github/exiv2  # location of the project code
$ mkdir build && cd build
$ cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
$ cmake --build .
$ make tests
$ sudo make install

This will install the library into the "standard locations". The library will be installed in /usr/local/lib, executables (including the exiv2 command-line program) in /usr/local/bin/ and header files in /usr/local/include/exiv2

cmake generates files in the build directory. cmake generates the project/solution/makefiles required to build the exiv2 library and sample applications. cmake also creates the files exv_conf.h and exiv2lib_export which contain compiler directives about the build options you have chosen and the availability of libraries on your machine.

Using the exiv2 command-line program

To execute the exiv2 command line program, you should update your path to search /usr/local/bin/

$ export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"

You will also need to locate libexiv2 at run time:

$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"      # Linux, Cygwin, MinGW/msys2
$ export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH"  # macOS

Uninstall

I don't know why anybody would uninstall Exiv2.

$ cd ~/gnu/github/exiv2  # location of the project code
$ cd build
$ sudo make uninstall

These commands will remove the exiv2 executables, library, header files and man page from the standard locations.

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2.2 Build and Install Exiv2 with Visual Studio

We recommend that you use conan to download the Exiv2 external dependencies on Windows. On other platforms (maxOS, Ubuntu and others), you should use the platform package manger. These are discussed: Platform Notes The options to configure and compile the project using Visual Studio are similar to UNIX like systems. See README-CONAN for more information about Conan.

When you build, you may install with the following command.

> cmake --build . --target install

This will create and copy the exiv2 build artefacts to C:\Program Files (x86)\exiv2. You should modify your path to include C:\Program Files (x86)\exiv2\bin.

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2.3 Build options

There are two groups of CMake options. There are many options defined by CMake. Here are some particularly useful options:

Options	Purpose (default)
CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE BUILD_SHARED_LIBS	Where to install on your computer (/usr/local) Type of build (Release) See: Debugging Exiv2 Build exiv2lib as shared or static (On)

Options defined by /CMakeLists.txt include:

576 rmills@rmillsmm:~/gnu/github/exiv2/exiv2 $ grep ^option CMakeLists.txt
option( BUILD_SHARED_LIBS          "Build exiv2lib as a shared library"      ON )
option( EXIV2_ENABLE_XMP           "Build with XMP metadata support"         ON )
option( EXIV2_ENABLE_EXTERNAL_XMP  "Use external version of XMP"            OFF )
option( EXIV2_ENABLE_PNG           "Build with png support (requires libz)"  ON )
...
option( EXIV2_ENABLE_BMFF          "Build with BMFF support"                 ON )
577 rmills@rmillsmm:~/gnu/github/exiv2/exiv2 $

Options are defined on the CMake command-line:

$ cmake -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=On -DEXIV2_ENABLE_NLS=Off

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2.4 Dependencies

The following Exiv2 features require external libraries:

Feature	Package	Default	To change default	Availability
PNG image support	zlib	ON	-DEXIV2_ENABLE_PNG=Off	http://zlib.net/
XMP support	expat	ON	-DEXIV2_ENABLE_XMP=Off	http://expat.sourceforge.net/ Use Expat 2.2.6 and later
Natural language system	gettext	OFF	-DEXIV2_ENABLE_NLS=On	http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/
Character set conversion	libiconv		Disabled for Visual Studio. Linked when installed on UNIX like platforms.	https://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/

On UNIX systems, you may install the dependencies using the distribution's package management system. Install the development package of a dependency to install the header files and libraries required to build Exiv2. The script ci/install_dependencies.sh is used to setup CI images on which we build and test Exiv2 on many platforms when we modify code. You may find that helpful in setting up your platform dependencies.

Natural language system is discussed in more detail here: Localisation

Notes about different platforms are included here: Platform Notes

You may choose to install dependences with conan. This is supported on all platforms and is especially useful for users of Visual Studio. See README-CONAN for more information.

Libiconv

The library libiconv is used to perform character set encoding in the tags Exif.Photo.UserComment, Exif.GPSInfo.GPSProcessingMethod and Exif.GPSInfo.GPSAreaInformation. This is documented in the exiv2 man page.

CMake will detect libiconv of all UNIX like systems including Linux, macOS, UNIX, Cygwin64 and MinGW/msys2. If you have installed libiconv on your machine, Exiv2 will link and use it.

The library libiconv is a GNU library and we do not recommend using libiconv with Exiv2 when building with Visual Studio.

Exiv2 includes the file cmake/FindIconv.cmake which contains a guard to prevent CMake from finding libiconv when you build with Visual Studio. This was added because of issues reported when Visual Studio attempted to link libconv libraries installed by Cygwin, or MinGW or gnuwin32. Exiv2#1250

There are build instructions about Visual Studio in libiconv-1.16/INSTALL.window require you to install Cygwin. There is an article here about building libiconv with Visual Studio. https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/302012/How-to-Build-libiconv-with-Microsoft-Visual-Studio.

If you wish to use libiconv with Visual Studio you will have to build libiconv and remove the "guard" in cmake/FindIconv.cmake. Team Exiv2 will not provide support concerning libiconv and Visual Studio.

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2.5 Building and linking your code with Exiv2

There are detailed platform notes about compiling and linking in releasenotes/{platform}/ReadMe.txt

where platform: { CYGWIN | Darwin | Linux | MinGW | msvc | Unix }

In general you need to do the following:

Application code should be written in C++98 and include exiv2 headers:

#include <exiv2/exiv2.hpp>

Compile your C++ code with the directive: -I/usr/local/include
Link your code with libexiv2 using the linker options: -lexiv2 and -L/usr/local/lib

The following is a typical command to build and link with libexiv2:

$ g++ -std=c++98 myprog.cpp -o myprog -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -lexiv2

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2.6 Consuming Exiv2 with CMake

When exiv2 is installed, the files required to consume Exiv2 are installed in ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib/cmake/exiv2

You can build samples/exifprint.cpp as follows:

$ cd <exiv2dir>
$ mkdir exifprint
$ cd    exifprint
$ cat - > CMakeLists.txt <<EOF
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8)
project(exifprint VERSION 0.0.1 LANGUAGES CXX)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 98)
set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)

find_package(exiv2 REQUIRED CONFIG NAMES exiv2)    # search ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib/cmake/exiv2/
add_executable(exifprint ../samples/exifprint.cpp) # compile this
target_link_libraries(exifprint exiv2lib)          # link exiv2lib
EOF
$ cmake .                                          # generate the makefile
$ make                                             # build the code
$ ./exifprint                                      # test your executable
Usage: bin/exifprint [ path | --version | --version-test ]
$

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2.7 Using pkg-config to compile and link your code with Exiv2

When exiv2 is installed, the file exiv2.pc used by pkg-config is installed in ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib/pkgconfig You will need to set the following in your environment:

$ export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"

To compile and link using exiv2.pc, you usually add the following to your Makefile.

PKGCONFIG=pkg-config
CPPFLAGS := `pkg-config exiv2 --cflags`
LDFLAGS := `pkg-config exiv2 --libs`

If you are not using make, you can use pkg-config as follows:

g++ -std=c++98 myprogram.cpp -o myprogram $(pkg-config exiv2 --libs --cflags)

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2.8 Localisation

Localisation is supported on a UNIX-like platform: Linux, macOS, Cygwin and MinGW/msys2. Localisation is not supported for Visual Studio builds.

Crowdin have provided Exiv2 with a free open-source license to use their services. The Exiv2 localisation project is located at https://crowdin.com/project/exiv2. You will also need to register to have a free user account on Crowdin. The Crowdin setup is discussed here: Exiv2#1510. It is recommended that you coordinate with Leonardo before contributing localisation changes on Crowdin. You can contact Leonardo by via GitHub.

To build localisation support, use the CMake option -DEXIV2_ENABLE_NLS=On. You must install the gettext package with your package manager or from source. The gettext package is available from http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/ and includes the library libintl and utilities to build localisation files. If CMake produces error messages which mention libintl or gettext, you should verify that the package gettext has been correctly built and installed.

You must install the build to test localisation. This ensures that the localisation message files can be found at run-time. You cannot test localisation in the directory build\bin.

Running exiv2 in another language

$ env LANG=fr_FR exiv2    # env LANGUAGE=fr_FR exiv2 on Linux!
exiv2: Une action doit être spécifié
exiv2: Au moins un fichier est nécessaire
Utilisation : exiv2 [ option [ arg ] ]+ [ action ] fichier ...

Image metadata manipulation tool.
$

Adding additional languages to exiv2

To support a new language which we'll designate 'xy' for this discussion:

2.1) Generate a po file from the po template:

$ cd <exiv2dir>
$ mkdir -p po/xy
$ msginit --input=po/exiv2.pot --locale=xy --output=po/xy.po

2.2) Edit/Translate the strings in po/xy.po

I edited the following:

#: src/exiv2.cpp:237
msgid "Image metadata manipulation tool.\n"
msgstr ""

to:

#: src/exiv2.cpp:237
msgid "Image metadata manipulation tool.\n"
msgstr "Manipulate image metadata.\n"

2.3) Generate the messages file:

$ mkdir -p             po/xy/LC_MESSAGES
$ msgfmt --output-file=po/xy/LC_MESSAGES/exiv2.mo po/xy.po

2.4) Install and test your messages:

You have to install your messages to test them. It's not possible to test a messages file by executing build/bin/exiv2.

$ sudo mkdir -p                          /usr/local/share/locale/xy/LC_MESSAGES
$ sudo cp -R  po/xy/LC_MESSAGES/exiv2.mo /usr/local/share/locale/xy/LC_MESSAGES
$ env LANG=xy exiv2                      # env LANGUAGE=xy on Linux!
exiv2: An action must be specified
exiv2: At least one file is required
Usage: exiv2 [ option [ arg ] ]+ [ action ] file ...

Manipulate image metadata.   <--------- Edited message!
$

2.5) Submitting your new language file for inclusion in future versions of Exiv2:

You may submit a PR which contains po/xy.po AND a modification to po/CMakeLists.txt

Or, open a new issue on https://github.com/exiv2/exiv2 and attach the file xy.po.zip which can be created as follows:

$ zip xy.po.zip po/xy.po
  adding: po/xy.po (deflated 78%)
ls -l xy.po.zip
-rw-r--r--+ 1 rmills  staff  130417 25 Jun 10:15 xy.po.zip
$

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2.9 Building Exiv2 Documentation

Building documentation requires installing special tools. You will probably prefer to read the documentation on-line from the project website: https://exiv2.org

To build documentation, use the CMake option -DEXIV2_BUILD_DOC=On. Additionally, you will require an additional build step to actually build the documentation.

$ cmake ..options.. -DEXIV2_BUILD_DOC=On
$ make doc

To build the documentation, you must install the following products:

Product	Availability
doxygen graphviz python xsltproc md5sum	http://www.doxygen.org/ http://www.graphviz.org/ http://www.python.org/ http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/ http://www.microbrew.org/tools/md5sha1sum/

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2.10 Building Exiv2 Packages

To enable the building of Exiv2 packages, use the CMake option -DEXIV2_TEAM_PACKAGING=On.

You should not build Exiv2 Packages. This feature is intended for use by Team Exiv2 to create Platform and Source Packages on the buildserver.

There are two types of Exiv2 packages which are generated by cpack from the cmake command-line.

Platform Package (header files, binary library and samples. Some documentation and release notes)

Create and build exiv2 for your platform.

$ git clone https://github.com/exiv2/exiv2
$ mkdir -p exiv2/build
$ cd       exiv2/build
$ cmake .. -G "Unix Makefiles" -DEXIV2_TEAM_PACKAGING=On
...
-- Build files have been written to: .../build
$ cmake --build . --config Release
...
[100%] Built target addmoddel
$ make package
...
CPack: - package: /path/to/exiv2/build/exiv2-0.27.1-Linux.tar.gz generated.

Source Package

$ make package_source
Run CPack packaging tool for source...
...
CPack: - package: /path/to/exiv2/build/exiv2-0.27.1-Source.tar.gz generated.

You may prefer to run $ cmake --build . --config Release --target package_source

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2.11 Debugging Exiv2

Generating and installing a debug library

In general to generate a debug library, you should use the option cmake option -DCMAKE_RELEASE_TYPE=Debug and build in the usual way.

$ cd <exiv2dir>
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
$ cmake .. -G "Unix Makefiles" "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug"
$ make

You must install the library to ensure that your code is linked to the debug library.

You can check that you have generated a debug build with the command:

$ exiv2 -vVg debug
exiv2 0.27.1
debug=1
$

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About preprocessor symbols NDEBUG and EXIV2_DEBUG_MESSAGES

Exiv2 respects the symbol NDEBUG which is set only for Release builds. There are sequences of code which are defined within:

#ifdef EXIV2_DEBUG_MESSAGES
....
#endif

Those blocks of code are not compiled unless you define EXIV2_DEBUG_MESSAGES. They are provided for additional debugging information. For example, if you are interested in additional output from webpimage.cpp, you can update your build as follows:

$ cd <exiv2dir>
$ touch src/webpimage.cpp
$ make CXX_FLAGS=-DEXIV2_DEBUG_MESSAGES
$ bin/exiv2 ...
-- or --
$ sudo make install
$ exiv2     ...

If you are debugging library code, it is recommended that you use the exiv2 command-line program as your test harness as Team Exiv2 is very familiar with this tool and able to give support.

TOC

Starting the debugger

This is platform specific. On Linux:

$ gdb exiv2

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Using Debugger IDEs such as Xcode, CLion, Visual Studio, Eclipse or QtCreator

I have used all those IDEs to debug the Exiv2 library and applications. All of them work. You may find it takes initial effort, however I assure you that they all work well.

I work on macOS and use Xcode to develop Exiv2. For a couple of years, Team Exiv2 had free open-source licences from JetBrains for CLion. I really liked CLion as it is cross platform and runs on Windows, Mac and Linux. It has excellent integration with CMake and will automatically add -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug to the cmake command. It keeps build types in separate directories such as <exiv2dir>/cmake-build-debug.

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cmake --build . options --config Release|Debug and --target install

Visual Studio and Xcode can build debug or release builds without using the option -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE because the generated project files can build multiple types. The option --config Debug can be specified on the cmake command-line to specify the build type. Alternatively, if you prefer to build in the IDE, the UI provides options to select the configuration and target.

With the Unix Makefile generator, the targets can be listed:

$ make help
The following are some of the valid targets for this Makefile:
... all (the default if no target is provided)
... clean
... depend
... install/local
.........

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2.12 Building Exiv2 with clang and other build chains

On Linux

$ cd <exiv2dir>
$ rm -rf build ; mkdir build ; cd build
$ cmake .. -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$(which clang) -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$(which clang++)
$ cmake --build .

$ export CC=$(which clang)
$ export CXX=$(which clang++)
$ cd <exiv2dir>
$ rm -rf build ; mkdir build ; cd build
$ cmake ..
$ cmake --build .

On macOS

Apple provide clang with Xcode. GCC has not been supported by Apple since 2013. The "normal unix build" uses Clang.

On Cygwin, MinGW/msys2, Windows (using clang-cl) and Visual Studio.

I have been unable to get clang to work on any of those platforms.

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2.13 Building Exiv2 with ccache

To speed up compilation, the utility ccache can be installed to cache the output of the compiler. This greatly speeds up the build when you frequently built code that has not been modified.

Installing and using ccache (and other similar utilities), is platform dependent. On Ubuntu:

$ sudo apt install --yes ccache

To build with ccache, use the cmake option -DBUILD_WITH_CCACHE=On

$ cd <exiv2dir>
$ mkdir build ; cd build ; cd build
$ cmake .. -G "Unix Makefiles" -DBUILD_WITH_CCACHE=On
$ make
# Build again to appreciate the performance gain
$ make clean
$ make

Due to the way in which ccache is installed in Fedora (and other Linux distros), ccache effectively replaces the compiler. A default build or -DBUILD_WITH_CCACHE=Off is not effective and the environment variable CCACHE_DISABLE is required to disable ccache. Exiv2#361

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2.14 Thread Safety

Exiv2 heavily relies on standard C++ containers. Static or global variables are used read-only, with the exception of the XMP namespace registration function (see below). Thus Exiv2 is thread safe in the same sense as C++ containers: Different instances of the same class can safely be used concurrently in multiple threads.

In order to use the same instance of a class concurrently in multiple threads the application must serialize all write access to the object.

The level of thread safety within Exiv2 varies depending on the type of metadata: The Exif and IPTC code is reentrant. The XMP code uses the Adobe XMP toolkit (XMP SDK), which according to its documentation is thread-safe. It actually uses mutexes to serialize critical sections. However, the XMP SDK initialisation function is not mutex protected, thus Exiv2::XmpParser::initialize is not thread-safe. In addition, Exiv2::XmpProperties::registerNs writes to a static class variable, and is also not thread-safe.

Therefore, multi-threaded applications need to ensure that these two XMP functions are serialized, e.g., by calling them from an initialization section which is run before any threads are started. All exiv2 sample applications begin with:

#include <exiv2/exiv2.hpp>
int main(int argc, const char* argv[])
{
    Exiv2::XmpParser::initialize();
    ::atexit(Exiv2::XmpParser::terminate);
#ifdef EXV_ENABLE_BMFF
    Exiv2::enableBMFF(true);
#endif
    ...
}

The use of the thread unsafe function Exiv2::enableBMFF(true) is discussed in 2.19 Support for bmff files

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2.15 Library Initialisation and Cleanup

As discussed in the section on Thread Safety, Exiv2 classes for Exif and IPTC metadata are fully reentrant and require no initialisation or cleanup.

Adobe's XMPsdk is generally thread-safe, however it has to be initialized and terminated before and after starting any threads to access XMP metadata. The Exiv2 library will initialize this if necessary, however it does not terminate the XMPsdk.

The exiv2 command-line program and sample applications call the following at the outset:

    Exiv2::XmpParser::initialize();
    ::atexit(Exiv2::XmpParser::terminate);
#ifdef EXV_ENABLE_BMFF
    Exiv2::enableBMFF(true);
#endif

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2.16 Cross Platform Build and Test on Linux for MinGW

You can cross compile Exiv2 on Linux for MinGW. We have used the following method on Fedora and believe this is also possible on Ubuntu and other distros. Detailed instructions are provided here for Fedora.

Cross Build and Test On Fedora

1 Install the cross platform build tools

$ sudo dnf install mingw64-gcc-c++ mingw64-filesystem mingw64-expat mingw64-zlib cmake make

2 Install Dependancies

You will need to install x86_64 libraries to support the options you wish to use. By default, you will need libz and expat. Your dnf command above has installed them for you. If you wish to use features such as webready you should install openssl and libcurl as follows:

[rmills@rmillsmm-fedora 0.27-maintenance]$ sudo yum install libcurl.x86_64 openssl.x86_64
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:18 ago on Fri 10 Apr 2020 10:50:30 AM BST.
Dependencies resolved.
=========================
Package                          Architecture                                        Version                                                      Repository                       Size
=========================
Installing:
...

3 Get the code and build

$ git clone://github.com/exiv2/exiv2 --branch 0.27-maintenance exiv2
$ cd exiv2
$ mkdir build_mingw_fedora
$ mingw64-cmake ..
$ make

Note, you may wish to choose to build with optional features and/or build static libraries. To do this, request appropriately on the mingw64-cmake command:

$ mingw64-cmake .. -DEXIV2_TEAM_EXTRA_WARNINGS=On \
                   -DEXIV2_ENABLE_WEBREADY=On     \
                   -DEXIV2_ENABLE_WIN_UNICODE=On  \
                   -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=Off

The options available for cross-compiling are the same as provided for all builds. See: Build Options

4 Copy "system dlls" in the bin directory

These DLLs are required to execute the cross-platform build in the bin from Windows

for i in libexpat-1.dll libgcc_s_seh-1.dll libstdc++-6.dll libwinpthread-1.dll zlib1.dll ; do
    cp -v /usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw/bin/$i bin
done

5 Executing exiv2 in wine

You may wish to use wine to execute exiv2 from the command prompt. To do this:

[rmills@rmillsmm-fedora build_mingw_fedora]$ wine cmd
Microsoft Windows 6.1.7601

Z:\Home\gnu\github\exiv2\main\build_mingw_fedora>bin\exiv2
exiv2: An action must be specified
exiv2: At least one file is required
Usage: exiv2 [ option [ arg ] ]+ [ action ] file ...

Image metadata manipulation tool.

If you have not installed wine, Fedora will offer to install it for you.

6 Running the test suite

On a default wine installation, you are in the MSDOS/cmd.exe prompt. You cannot execute the exiv2 test suite in this environment as you require python3 and MSYS/bash to run the suite.

You should mount the your Fedora exiv2/ directory on a Windows machine on which you have installed MinGW/msys2. You will need python3 and make.

My build machines is a MacMini with VMs for Windows, Fedora and other platforms. On Fedora, I build in a Mac directory which is shared to all VMs.

[rmills@rmillsmm-fedora 0.27-maintenance]$ pwd
/media/psf/Home/gnu/github/exiv2/0.27-maintenance
[rmills@rmillsmm-fedora 0.27-maintenance]$ ls -l build_mingw_fedora/bin/exiv2.exe
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 rmills rmills 754944 Apr 10 07:44 build_mingw_fedora/bin/exiv2.exe
[rmills@rmillsmm-fedora 0.27-maintenance]$

On MinGW/msys2, I can directly access the share:

$ cd //Mac/Home/gnu/github/exiv2/0.27/maintenance/build_mingw_fedora
$ export EXIV2_BINDIR=$pwd/bin
$ cd ../test
$ make tests

You will find that 3 tests fail at the end of the test suite. It is safe to ignore those minor exceptions.

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2.17 Building with C++11 and other compilers

Exiv2 uses the default compiler for your system. Exiv2 v0.27 was written to the C++ 1998 standard and uses auto_ptr. The C++11 and C++14 compilers will issue deprecation warnings about auto_ptr. As auto_ptr support has been removed from C++17, you cannot build Exiv2 v0.27 with C++17 or later compilers._ Exiv2 v1.0 and later do not use auto_ptr and will require a compiler compliant with the C++11 Standard.

To build Exiv2 v0.27.X with C++11:

cd <exiv2dir>
mkdir build ; cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11 -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-Wno-deprecated
make

The option -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11 specifies the C++ Language Standard. Possible values are 98, 11, 14, 17 or 20.

The option -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-Wno-deprecated suppresses warnings from C++11 concerning auto_ptr. The compiler will issue deprecation warnings about video, eps and ssh code in Exiv2 v0.27. This is intentional. These features of Exiv2 will not be available in Exiv2 v1.0.

Caution: Visual Studio users should not use -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=-Wno-deprecated.

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2.18 Static and Shared Libraries

You can build either static or shared libraries. Both can be linked with either static or shared run-time libraries. You specify the shared/static with the option -BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=On|Off You specify the run-time with the option -DEXIV2_ENABLE_DYNAMIC_RUNTIME=On|Off. The default for both options default is On. So you build shared and use the shared libraries which are .dll on Windows (msvc, Cygwin and MinGW/msys), .dylib on macOS and .so on Linux and UNIX.

CMake creates your build artefacts in the directories bin and lib. The bin directory contains your executables and .dlls. The lib directory contains your static libraries. When you install exiv2, the build artefacts are copied to your system's prefix directory which by default is /usr/local/. If you wish to test and use your build without installing, you will have to set you PATH appropriately. Linux/Unix users should also set LD_LIBRARY_PATH and macOS users should set DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH.

The default build is SHARED/DYNAMIC and this arrangement treats all executables and shared libraries in a uniform manner.

Caution: The following discussion only applies if you are linking to a static version of the exiv2 library. You may get the following error from CMake:

CMake Error at src/CMakeLists.txt:30 (add_library):
Target "my-app-or-library" links to target "Iconv::Iconv" but the target was
not found. Perhaps a find_package() call is missing for an IMPORTED
target, or an ALIAS target is missing?

Be aware that the warning concerning src/CMakeLists.txt:30 (add_library) refers to your file src/CMakeLists.txt. Although exiv2 has statically linked Iconv(), your code also needs to link. You achieve that in your src/CMakeLists.txt with the code:

find_package(Iconv)
if( ICONV_FOUND )
    target_link_libraries( my-app-or-library PRIVATE Iconv::Iconv )
endif()

This is discussed: Exiv2#1230

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2.19 Support for bmff files (CR3, HEIF, HEIC, and AVIF)

Attention is drawn to the possibility that bmff support may be the subject of patent rights. Exiv2 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Exiv2 shall not be held responsible for the legal consequences of the use of this code.

Access to the bmff code is guarded in two ways. Firstly, you have to build the library with the cmake option: -DEXIV2_ENABLE_BMFF=On. Secondly, the application must enable bmff support at run-time by calling the following function.

EXIV2API bool enableBMFF(bool enable);

The return value from enableBMFF() is true if the library has been build with bmff support (cmake option -DEXIV2_ANABLE_BMFF=On).

Applications may wish to provide a preference setting to enable bmff support and thereby place the responsibility for the use of this code with the user of the application.

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3 License and Support

All project resources are accessible from the project website. https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2

3.1 License

Exiv2 is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

Exiv2 program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

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3.2 Support

For new bug reports, feature requests and support: Please open an issue in Github. https://github.com/exiv2/exiv2

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4 Running the test suite

Different kinds of tests:

Description	Language	Location	Command (in build directory)	CMake Option to Build
Run all tests			$ make tests
Run all tests		Visual Studio Users	> cmake --build . --target tests
Bash tests	python	tests/bash_tests	$ make bash_tests	-DEXIV2_BUILD_SAMPLES=On
Python tests	python	tests	$ make python_tests	-DEXIV2_BUILD_SAMPLES=On
Unit tests	C++	unitTests	$ make unit_test	-DEXIV2_BUILD_UNIT_TESTS=On
Version test	C++	src/version.cpp	$ make version_test	Always in library

The term bash scripts is historical. The implementation of the tests in this collection originally required bash. These scripts have been rewritten in python. Visual Studio Users will appreciate the python implementation as it avoids the installation of mingw/cygwin and special PATH settings.

Environment Variables used by the test suite:

If you build the code in the directory <exiv2dir>build, tests will run using the default values of Environment Variables.

Variable	Default	Platforms	Purpose
EXIV2_BINDIR	<exiv2dir>/build/bin	All Platforms	Path of built binaries (exiv2.exe)
EXIV2_PORT	12762 12671 12760	Cygwin MinGW/msys2 Other Platforms	Test TCP/IP Port
EXIV2_HTTP	http://localhost	All Platforms	Test http server
EXIV2_ECHO	not set	All Platforms	For debugging bash scripts
VALGRIND	not set	All Platforms	For debugging bash scripts
VERBOSE	not set	All Platforms	Causes make to report its actions
PATH DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH	$EXIV2_BINDIR/../lib	Windows macOS Other platforms	Path of dynamic libraries

The Variable EXIV2_PORT or EXIV2_HTTP can be set to None to skip http tests. The http server is started with the command python3 -m http.server $port. On Windows, you will need to run this manually once to authorise the firewall to permit python to use the port.

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4.1 Running tests on a UNIX-like system

You can run tests directly from the build:

$ cmake .. -G "Unix Makefiles" -DEXIV2_BUILD_UNIT_TESTS=On 
$ make
... lots of output ...
$ make tests
... lots of output ...
$

You can run individual tests in the test directory. Caution: If you build in a directory other than <exiv2dir>/build, you must set EXIV2_BINDIR to run tests from the test directory.

$ cd <exiv2dir>/build
$ make bash_tests
addmoddel_test (testcases.TestCases) ... ok
....
Ran 176 tests in 9.526s
OK (skipped=6)

$ make python_tests
... lots of output ...
test_run (tiff_test.test_tiff_test_program.TestTiffTestProg) ... ok
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 176 tests in 9.526s
OK (skipped=6)
$

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4.2 Running tests on Visual Studio builds from cmd.exe

Caution: _The python3 interpreter must be on the PATH, build for DOS, and called python3.exe. I copied the python.exe program:

> copy c:\Python37\python.exe c:\Python37\python3.exe
> set "PATH=c:\Python37;%PATH%

You can execute the test suite as described for UNIX-like systems. The main difference is that you must use cmake to initiate the test as make is not a system utility on Windows.

> cd <exiv2dir>/build
> cmake --build . --target tests
> cmake --build . --target python_tests

Running tests from cmd.exe

You can build with Visual Studio using Conan. The is described in detail in README-CONAN.md

As a summary, the procedure is:

c:\...\exiv2>mkdir build
c:\...\exiv2>cd build
c:\...\exiv2\build>conan install .. --build missing --profile msvc2019Release
c:\...\exiv2\build>cmake .. -DEXIV2_BUILD_UNIT_TESTS=On -G "Visual Studio 16 2019"
c:\...\exiv2\build>cmake --build . --config Release
... lots of output from compiler and linker ...
c:\...\exiv2\build>

If you wish to use an environment variables, use set:

set VERBOSE=1
cmake --build . --config Release --target tests
set VERBOSE=

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4.3 Unit tests

The code for the unit tests is in <exiv2dir>/unitTests. To include unit tests in the build, use the cmake option -DEXIV2_BUILD_UNIT_TESTS=On.

There is a discussion on the web about installing GTest: Exiv2#575

$ pushd /tmp
$ curl -LO https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/release-1.8.0.tar.gz
$ tar xzf   release-1.8.0.tar.gz
$ mkdir -p  googletest-release-1.8.0/build
$ pushd     googletest-release-1.8.0/build
$ cmake .. ; make ; make install
$ popd
$ popd

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4.4 Python tests

You can run the python tests from the build directory:

$ cd <exiv2dir>/build
$ make python_tests

If you wish to run in verbose mode:

$ cd <exiv2dir>/build
$ make python_tests VERBOSE=1

The python tests are stored in the directory tests and you can run them all with the command:

$ cd <exiv2dir>/tests
$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$PWD/../build/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
$ python3 runner.py

You can run them individually with the commands such as:

$ cd <exiv2dir>/tests
$ python3 runner.py --verbose bugfixes/redmine/test_issue_841.py  # or $(find . -name "*841*.py")

You may wish to get a brief summary of failures with commands such as:

$ cd <exiv2dir>/build
$ make python_tests 2>&1 | grep FAIL

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4.5 Test Summary

Tests	Unix Style Platforms (bash)	Visual Studio (cmd.exe)
	$ cd <exiv2dir>/build	> cd <exiv2dir>/build
tests	$ make tests	> cmake --build . --config Release --target tests
bash_tests	$ make bash_tests	> cmake --build . --config Release --target bash_tests
python_tests	$ make python_tests	> cmake --build . --config Release --target python_tests
unit_test	$ make unit_test	> cmake --build . --config Release --target unit_test
version_test	$ make version_test	> cmake --build . --config Release --target version_test

The name bash_tests is historical. They are implemented in python.

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4.6 Fuzzing

The code for the fuzzers is in exiv2dir/fuzz

To build the fuzzers, use the cmake option -DEXIV2_BUILD_FUZZ_TESTS=ON and -DEXIV2_TEAM_USE_SANITIZERS=ON. Note that it only works with clang compiler as libFuzzer is integrated with clang > 6.0

To build the fuzzers:

$ cd <exiv2dir>
$ rm -rf build-fuzz ; mkdir build-fuzz ; cd build-fuzz
$ cmake .. -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$(which clang++) -DEXIV2_BUILD_FUZZ_TESTS=ON -DEXIV2_TEAM_USE_SANITIZERS=ON
$ cmake --build .

To execute a fuzzer:

cd <exiv2dir>/build-fuzz
mkdir corpus
./bin/fuzz-read-print-write corpus ../test/data/ -jobs=$(nproc) -workers=$(nproc) -max_len=4096

For more information about fuzzing see fuzz/README.md.

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4.6.1 OSS-Fuzz

Exiv2 is enrolled in OSS-Fuzz, which is a fuzzing service for open-source projects, run by Google.

The build script used by OSS-Fuzz to build Exiv2 can be found here. It uses the same fuzz target (fuzz-read-print-write) as mentioned above, but with a slightly different build configuration to integrate with OSS-Fuzz. In particular, it uses the CMake option -DEXIV2_TEAM_OSS_FUZZ=ON, which builds the fuzz target without adding the -fsanitize=fuzzer flag, so that OSS-Fuzz can control the sanitizer flags itself.

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5 Platform Notes

There are many ways to set up and configure your platform. The following notes are provided as a guide.

5.1 Linux

Update your system and install the build tools and dependencies (zlib, expat, gtest and others)

$ sudo apt --yes update
$ sudo apt install --yes build-essential git clang ccache python3 libxml2-utils cmake python3 libexpat1-dev libz-dev zlib1g-dev libssh-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libgtest-dev google-mock

For users of other platforms, the script /ci/install_dependencies.sh has code used to configure many platforms. The code in that file is a useful guide to configuring your platform.

Get the code from GitHub and build

$ mkdir -p ~/gnu/github/exiv2
$ cd ~/gnu/github/exiv2
$ git clone https://github.com/exiv2/exiv2
$ cd exiv2
$ mkdir build ; cd build ;
$ cmake .. -G "Unix Makefiles"
$ make

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5.2 macOS

You will need to install Xcode and the Xcode command-line tools to build on macOS.

You should build and install libexpat and zlib. You may use brew, macports, build from source, or use conan.

I recommend that you build and install CMake from source.

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5.3 MinGW/msys2

Please note that the platform MinGW/msys2 32 is obsolete and superceded by MinGW/msys2 64.

MinGW/msys2 64 bit

Install: https://repo.msys2.org/distrib/x86_64/msys2-x86_64-20200903.exe

The file appveyor_mingw_cygwin.yml has instructions to configure the AppVeyor CI to configures itself to build Exiv2 on MinGW/msys2 and Cygwin/64.

I use the following batch file to start the MinGW/msys2 64 bit bash shell from the Dos Command Prompt (cmd.exe)

@echo off
setlocal
set "PATH=c:\msys64\mingw64\bin;c:\msys64\usr\bin;c:\msys64\usr\local\bin;"
set "PS1=\! MSYS \u@\h:\w \$ "
set "HOME=c:\msys64\home\rmills"
if NOT EXIST %HOME% mkdir %HOME%
cd  %HOME%
color 1f
c:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe -norc
endlocal

Install MinGW Dependencies

Install tools and dependencies:

for i in base-devel git coreutils dos2unix tar diffutils make                     \
    mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc      mingw-w64-x86_64-gdb     \
    mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake     mingw-w64-x86_64-gettext  mingw-w64-x86_64-python3 \
    mingw-w64-x86_64-libexpat  mingw-w64-x86_64-libiconv mingw-w64-x86_64-zlib    \
    mingw-w64-x86_64-gtest
do (echo y | pacman -S $i) ; done

Download exiv2 from github and build

$ mkdir -p ~/gnu/github/exiv2
$ cd       ~/gnu/github/exiv2
$ git clone https://github.com/exiv2/exiv2
$ cd exiv2
$ mkdir build ; cd build ;
$ cmake .. -G "Unix Makefiles"   # or "MSYS Makefiles"
$ make

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5.4 Cygwin/64

Please note that the platform Cygwin/32 is obsolete and superceded by Cygwin/64.

Download: https://cygwin.com/install.html and run setup-x86_64.exe. I install into c:\cygwin64

You need: make, cmake, curl, gcc, gettext-devel pkg-config, dos2unix, tar, zlib-devel, libexpat1-devel, git, libxml2-devel python3-interpreter, libiconv, libxml2-utils, libncurses, libxml2-devel libxslt-devel python38 python38-pip python38-libxml2

The file appveyor_mingw_cygwin.yml has instructions to configure the AppVeyor CI to configures itself to build Exiv2 on MinGW/msys2 and Cygwin/64.

To build unit tests, you should install googletest-release-1.8.0 as discussed 4.3 Unit tests

I use the following batch file "cygwin64.bat" to start the Cygwin/64 bash shell from the Dos Command Prompt (cmd.exe).

@echo off
setlocal
set "PATH=c:\cygwin64\usr\local\bin;c:\cygwin64\bin;c:\cygwin64\usr\bin;c:\cygwin64\usr\sbin;"
if NOT EXIST %HOME% mkdir %HOME%
set "HOME=c:\cygwin64\home\rmills"
cd  %HOME%
set "PS1=\! CYGWIN64:\u@\h:\w \$ "
bash.exe -norc
endlocal

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5.5 Visual Studio

We recommend that you use Conan to build Exiv2 using Visual Studio. Exiv2 v0.27 can be built with Visual Studio versions 2008 and later. We actively support and build with Visual Studio 2015, 2017 and 2019.

As well as Visual Studio, you will need to install CMake, Python3, and Conan.

Binary installers for CMake on Windows are availably from https://cmake.org/download/.
Binary installers for Python3 are available from python.org
Conan can be installed using python/pip. Details in README-CONAN.md

..>copy c:\Python37\python.exe c:\Python37\python3.exe

The python3 interpreter must be on your PATH.

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5.6 Unix

Exiv2 can be built on many Unix and Linux distros. With v0.27.2, we are starting to actively support the Unix Distributions NetBSD and FreeBSD. For v0.27.3, I have added support for Solaris 11.4

We do not have CI support for these platforms on GitHub. However, I regularly build and test them on my MacMini Buildserver. The device is private and not on the internet.

I have provided notes here based on my experience with these platforms. Feedback is welcome. I am willing to support Exiv2 on other commercial Unix distributions such as AIX, HP-UX and OSF/1 if you provide with an ssh account for your platform. I will require super-user privileges to install software.

For all platforms you will need the following components to build:

gcc or clang
cmake
bash
sudo
gettext

To run the test suite, you need:

python3
chksum
dos2unix
xmllint

NetBSD

You can build exiv2 from source using the methods described for linux. I built and installed exiv2 using "Pure CMake" and didn't require conan.

You will want to use the package manager pkgsrc to build/install the build and test components listed above.

I entered links into the file system

# ln -s /usr/pkg/bin/python37 /usr/local/bin/python3
# ln -s /usr/pkg/bin/bash /bin/bash`

It's important to ensure that LD_LIBRARY_PATH includes /usr/local/lib and /usr/pkg/lib.

It's important to ensure that PATH includes /usr/local/bin, /usr/pkg/bin and /usr/pkg/sbin.

FreeBSD

Clang is pre-installed as ``/usr/bin/{cc|c++}` as well as libz and expat. FreeBSD uses pkg as the package manager which I used to install cmake and git.

$ su root
Password:
# pkg install cmake
# pkg install git
# pkg install bash
# pkg install python

Caution: The package manager pkg is no longer working on FreeBSD 12.0. I will move to 12.1 for future work. Others have reported this issue on 12.1. Broken package manager is very bad news. There are other package managers (such as ports), however installing and getting it to work is formidable.

634 rmills@rmillsmm-freebsd:~/gnu/github/exiv2/0.27-maintenance/build $ sudo pkg install libxml2
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
pkg: repository meta /var/db/pkg/FreeBSD.meta has wrong version 2
pkg: Repository FreeBSD load error: meta cannot be loaded No error: 0
Fetching meta.txz: 100%    916 B   0.9kB/s    00:01
pkg: repository meta /var/db/pkg/FreeBSD.meta has wrong version 2
repository FreeBSD has no meta file, using default settings
Fetching packagesite.txz: 100%    6 MiB 340.2kB/s    00:19
pkg: repository meta /var/db/pkg/FreeBSD.meta has wrong version 2
pkg: Repository FreeBSD load error: meta cannot be loaded No error: 0
Unable to open created repository FreeBSD
Unable to update repository FreeBSD
Error updating repositories!
635 rmills@rmillsmm-freebsd:~/gnu/github/exiv2/0.27-maintenance/build $

Solaris

Solaris uses the package manager pkg. To get a list of packages:

$ pkg list

To install a package:

$ sudo pkg install developer/gcc-7

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Written by Robin Mills
robin@clanmills.com
Updated: 2021-09-21