gdal_tutorial
1.convert shp to tiff: -- reference
$ gdal_rasterize -burn 0 -burn 0 -burn 255 -ot Byte -ts 512 512 -l shanghai shanghai.shp shanghai.tif
2.convert shp to GPKG: -- reference
$ ogr2ogr -f GPKG shanghai.gpkg shanghai.shp
3.convert GPKG to shp: -- reference
$ ogr2ogr -f "ESRI Shapefile" shanghai.shp shanghai.gpkg
4.Clip input layer with a bounding box:
$ ogr2ogr -spat -13.931 34.886 46.23 74.12 -f GPKG shanghai_clip.gpkg shanghai.gpkg
$ ogr2ogr -spat 0 0 50 70 -f "ESRI Shapefile" point_out_org.shp point_out.shp
5.Output file format name. Starting with GDAL 2.3, if not specified, the format is guessed from the extension (previously was ESRI Shapefile).
$ ogr2ogr -f GPKG output.gpkg input.shp
$ ogr2ogr -f GeoJSON point.geojson point.shp