bambinos / formulae

Formulas for mixed-effects models in Python

Home Page:https://bambinos.github.io/formulae/

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squaring doesn't seem to work

twiecki opened this issue · comments

I tried y ~ x**2 but it seemed like the squaring was ignored.

Hi @twiecki, you are right. If you want to square a variable you have to do y ~ I(x **2) or, using an alternative syntax, y ~ {x ** 2}. This is because ** is a valid operator for a set of terms.

For example, (a + b + c) ** 2 is equivalent to a + b + c + a:b + a:c + b:c.

PS: This is the same logic behind the addition between terms. If you want a term that is the sum of other two terms, you do I(x + y) or {x + y} instead of just x + y because the latter means you want to include x and y as separated terms.

We don't have it documented yet, but you can find it in Patsy docs here

Added warning in #13. Thanks for opening the issue!