diff.js
Javascript library with functions for differentiation, integration and for finding local minima and maxima.
extrema function
Find local maxima and minima in a list of values.
This is a Javascript implementation of "A Linear-Time Algorithm That Locates Local Extrema of a Function of One Variable From Interval Measurement Results" - Karen Villaverde, Vladik Kreinovich (Interval Computations 01/1993; 1993(4))
Takes an object or array with numbers and returns an object with two
lists of indices: minlist with indices of values that are local minima
and maxlist with indices of values that are local maxima. Indices
can be of any type. Takes numbers as first parameter and an accuracy
epsilon > 0 as second parameter. The accuracy has to be chosen depending
on the fluctuations in the data: smaller values mean greater reliability
in finding extrema but also greater chance of confusing noise with a local
minimum or maximum.
Epsilon defaults to 0.1 if omitted but don't rely on that!
Usage
// using arrays with with numeric indices
A = extrema([1,2,3,4,3,2,1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7], "0.01");
^ ^local min
local max
// using string indices
B = extrema({"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":3,"f":2,"g":1,"h":0,"i":1,"j":2,"k":3,"l":4,"m":5,"n":6,"o":7}, "0.01");
^ ^local min
local max
// result
A = { minlist: [ 3 ], maxlist: [ 7 ] }
B = { minlist: [ "d" ], maxlist: [ "h" ] }
extremaXY function
Alternative version that takes vectors [x] and [y] instead of [values]
as input and returns intervals that contain local minima and local maxima.
[x] elements can be of any type.
Usage
// using arrays with with numeric indices
A = extremaXY([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14], [1,2,3,4,3,2,1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7], "0.01");
^ ^local min
local max
// using string indices
B = extremaXY(["a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h","i","j","k","l","m","n","o"], [1,2,3,4,3,2,1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7], "0.01");
^ ^local min local max
// resulting intervals in X that contain minima and maxima
A = { minlist: [ [2, 4] ], maxlist: [ [6, 8] ] }
B = { minlist: [ ["c", "e"] ], maxlist: [ ["g", "i"] ] }
diff function
Calculate differences of a vector.
Takes an object or array Y with m numbers and returns an array dY with
m-1 numbers that constitutes the differences:
dY = [Y(2)-Y(1), Y(3)-Y(2), ... , Y(m)-Y(m-1)]
If Y are function values f(1), f(2), ... with a step size of 1,
then dY constitutes the approximate derivative of f. For a different
step size use diffXY.
NOTE: For a step size other than 1, the differences do NOT constitute
the approximate derivative and thus in those cases use diffXY if you
want to get the derivative.
If as second parameter a number n is given, the returned array
dY will be the n-th differential, thus above step applied n-times.
Usage
x1 = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
x2 = [0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9];
cos1 = x1.map(Math.cos)];
cos2 = x2.map(Math.cos)];
sin1 = x1.map(Math.sin)];
sin2 = x2.map(Math.sin)];
A = diff(sin1);
B = diff(sin2);
// result
A ≈ cos1 // A is the approximate derivative of "sin"
B ≠ cos2 // B is NOT the approximate derivative since step size is not 1!
// To get the approximate derivative one would have to use diffXY
diffXY function
Calculate differences of a vector.
Calculate approximate derivative of a vector Y, assuming that Y=f(X)
with given vector X.
Takes objects or arrays X and Y with m numbers and returns an array dY
with m-1 numbers that constitutes the approximate derivative:
dY = [(Y(2)-Y(1))/(X(2)-X(1)), (Y(3)-Y(2)/(X(3)-X(2)), ... , (Y(m)-Y(m-1))/((X(m)-X(m-1))]
If as second parameter a number n is given, the returned array
dY will be the n-th differential, thus above step applied n-times.
Usage
x = [0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9];
cos = x.map(Math.cos)];
sin = x.map(Math.sin)];
A = diffXY(x, sin);
// result
A ≈ cos // A is the approximate derivative of "sin"
integral function
Calculate reverse differences of a vector.
Takes an object or array Y with m numbers and returns an array IY with
m numbers that constitutes the reverse differences:
[ ... , -Y(m)-Y(m-1)-Y(m-2), -Y(m)-Y(m-1), -Y(m)]
If Y are function values f(1), f(2), ... with a step size of 1, then IY
constitutes the approximate integral of f. For a different step size use integralXY.
If as second parameter a number n is given, the returned array Y will be the n-th
integral, thus above step applied n-times.
NOTE: the integral cannot determine the original set of values
before diff was applied, thus integral(diff(values)) != values
due to the nature of integration and differentiation. However the
shape of the result will be the same, the curve will only be
shifted by a constant value. ("translation")
Usage
x1 = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
x2 = [0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9];
cos1 = x1.map(Math.cos)];
cos2 = x2.map(Math.cos)];
sin1 = x1.map(Math.sin)];
sin2 = x2.map(Math.sin)];
A = integral(cos1);
B = integral(cos2);
// result
A ≈ sin1 // A is the approximate integral of "cos"
B ≠ sin2 // B is NOT the approximate integral since step size is not 1!
// To get the approximate integral one would have to use diffXY
integralXY function
Calculate approximate integral of a vector, assuming that Y=f(X)
with given vector X.
Takes an object or array Y with m numbers and returns an array X
with m numbers that constitutes the integral:
[ ... , -Y(m)*(X(m)-X(m-1)-Y(m-1)*(X(m)-X(m-1)-Y(m-2)*(X(m-1)-X(m-2)-Y(m-3)*(X(m-2)-X(m-3), -Y(m)*(X(m)-X(m-1)-Y(m-1)*(X(m)-X(m-1)-Y(m-2)*(X(m-1)-X(m-2), -Y(m)*(X(m)-X(m-1)-Y(m-1)*(X(m)-X(m-1), -Y(m)*(X(m)-X(m-1)) ]
If as second parameter a number n is given, the returned array X
will be the n-th integral, thus above step applied n-times.
NOTE: the integral cannot determine the original set of values before
diff was applied, thus integral(diff(values)) != values due to the
nature of integration and differentiation. However the shape of the result
will be the same, the curve will only be shifted by a constant value.
("translation")
Usage
x = [0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9];
sin = x.map(Math.sin)];
cos = x.map(Math.cos)];
A = integral(x, cos);
// result
A ≈ sin // A is the approximate integral of "cos"