awkrail / vaporetto

🛥 Vaporetto: Very Accelerated POintwise pREdicTion based TOkenizer

Home Page:https://docs.rs/vaporetto

Geek Repo:Geek Repo

Github PK Tool:Github PK Tool

🛥 VAporetto: POintwise pREdicTion based TOkenizer

Vaporetto is a fast and lightweight pointwise prediction-based tokenizer. This repository includes both a Rust crate that provides APIs for Vaporetto and CLI frontends.

Crates.io Documentation Build Status

日本語のドキュメント

Wasm Demo (takes a little time to load the model.)

Example Usage

Try Word Segmentation

This software is implemented in Rust. Install rustc and cargo following the documentation beforehand.

Vaporetto provides three ways to generate tokenization models:

Download Distribution Model

The first is the simplest way, which is to download a model we have trained. Models are available here.

We chose bccwj-suw+unidic+tag:

% wget https://github.com/daac-tools/vaporetto/releases/download/v0.5.0/bccwj-suw+unidic+tag.tar.xz

Each file is a compressed file containing a model file and license terms, so you need to decompress the downloaded file as shown in the following command:

% tar xf ./bccwj-suw+unidic+tag.tar.xz

To perform tokenization, run the following command:

% echo 'ヴェネツィアはイタリアにあります。' | cargo run --release -p predict -- --model path/to/bccwj-suw+unidic+tag.model.zst

The following will be output:

ヴェネツィア は イタリア に あり ます 。

Convert KyTea's Model

The second is also a simple way, which is to convert a model trained by KyTea. First of all, download the model of your choice from the KyTea Models page.

We chose jp-0.4.7-5.mod.gz:

% wget http://www.phontron.com/kytea/download/model/jp-0.4.7-5.mod.gz

Each file is a compressed file, so you need to decompress the downloaded model file as shown in the following command:

% gunzip ./jp-0.4.7-5.mod.gz

To convert a KyTea model into a Vaporetto model, run the following command in the Vaporetto root directory.

% cargo run --release -p convert_kytea_model -- --model-in path/to/jp-0.4.7-5.mod --model-out path/to/jp-0.4.7-5-tokenize.model.zst

Now you can perform tokenization. Run the following command:

% echo 'ヴェネツィアはイタリアにあります。' | cargo run --release -p predict -- --model path/to/jp-0.4.7-5-tokenize.model.zst

The following will be output:

ヴェネツィア は イタリア に あ り ま す 。

Train Your Model

The third way, which is mainly for researchers, is to prepare a training corpus and train your tokenization models.

Vaporetto can train from two types of corpora: fully annotated corpora and partially annotated corpora.

Fully annotated corpora are corpora in which all character boundaries are annotated with either token boundaries or internal positions of tokens. This is the data in the form of spaces inserted into the boundaries of the tokens, as shown below:

ヴェネツィア は イタリア に あり ます 。
火星 猫 の 生態 の 調査 結果

Besides, partially annotated corpora are corpora in which only some character boundaries are annotated. Each character boundary is annotated in the form of | (token boundary), - (not token boundary), and (unknown). Here is an example:

ヴ-ェ-ネ-ツ-ィ-ア|は|イ-タ-リ-ア|に|あ り ま す|。
火-星 猫|の|生-態|の|調-査 結-果

To train a model, use the following command:

% cargo run --release -p train -- --model ./your.model.zst --tok path/to/full.txt --part path/to/part.txt --dict path/to/dict.txt --solver 5

The --tok argument specifies a fully annotated corpus, and the --part argument specifies a partially annotated corpus. You can also specify a word dictionary with the --dict argument. A word dictionary is a file that lists words line by line and can be tagged as needed:

トスカーナ
パンツァーノ
灯里/名詞-固有名詞-人名-名/アカリ
形態/名詞-普通名詞-一般/ケータイ

The trainer does not accept empty lines. Therefore, remove all empty lines from the corpus before training.

You can specify all arguments above multiple times.

Model Manipulation

Sometimes, your model will output different results than what you expect. For example, 外国人参政権 is split into wrong tokens in the following command. We use the --scores option to show the score of each character boundary:

% echo '外国人参政権と政権交代' | cargo run --release -p predict -- --scores --model path/to/bccwj-suw+unidic.model.zst
外国 人 参 政権 と 政権 交代
0:外国 -11785
1:国人 16634
2:人参 5450
3:参政 4480
4:政権 -3697
5:権と 17702
6:と政 18699
7:政権 -12742
8:権交 14578
9:交代 -7658

The correct is 外国 人 参政 権. To split 外国人参政権 into correct tokens, manipulate the model in the following steps so that the sign of score of 参政権 becomes inverted:

  1. Dump a dictionary by the following command:

    % cargo run --release -p manipulate_model -- --model-in path/to/bccwj-suw+unidic.model.zst --dump-dict path/to/dictionary.csv
    
  2. Edit the dictionary.

    The dictionary is a CSV file. Each row contains a string pattern, a corresponding weight array, and a comment in the following order:

    • word - A string pattern (usually a word)
    • weights - A weight array. When the input string contains the pattern, these weights are added to the character boundaries of the range of the pattern found.
    • comment - A comment that does not affect the behavior.

    Vaporetto splits a text when the total weight of the boundary is a positive number, so we add a new entry as follows:

     参撾,3167 -6074 3790,
     参政,3167 -6074 3790,
    +参政権,0 -10000 10000 0,参政/権
     参朝,3167 -6074 3790,
     参校,3167 -6074 3790,

    In this case, -10000 will be added between and , and 10000 will be added between and . Because 0 is specified at both ends of the pattern, no scores are added at those positions.

    Note that Vaporetto uses 32-bit integers for the total weight, so you have to be careful about overflow.

    In addition, The dictionary cannot contain duplicated words. When the dictionary already contains the word, you have to edit existing weights.

  3. Replaces weight data of a model file

    % cargo run --release -p manipulate_model -- --model-in path/to/bccwj-suw+unidic.model.zst --replace-dict path/to/dictionary.csv --model-out path/to/bccwj-suw+unidic-new.model.zst
    

Now 外国人参政権 is split into correct tokens.

% echo '外国人参政権と政権交代' | cargo run --release -p predict -- --scores --model path/to/bccwj-suw+unidic-new.model.zst
外国 人 参政 権 と 政権 交代
0:外国 -11785
1:国人 16634
2:人参 5450
3:参政 -5520
4:政権 6303
5:権と 17702
6:と政 18699
7:政権 -12742
8:権交 14578
9:交代 -7658

Tagging

Vaporetto experimentally supports tagging (e.g., part-of-speech and pronunciation tags).

To train tags, add slashes and tags following each token in the dataset as follows:

  • For fully annotated corpora

    この/連体詞/コノ 人/名詞/ヒト は/助詞/ワ 火星/名詞/カセイ 人/接尾辞/ジン です/助動詞/デス
    
  • For partially annotated corpora

    ヴ-ェ-ネ-ツ-ィ-ア/名詞|は/助詞|イ-タ-リ-ア/名詞|に/助詞|あ-り ま-す
    

You can also specify tag information to dictionaries as well as corpora. When the predictor cannot predict a tag using the model, the tag specified in the dictionary will be annotated to the token.

If the dataset contains tags, the train command automatically trains them.

In prediction, tags are not predicted by default, so you have to specify the --predict-tags argument to the predict command if necessary.

Speed Comparison of Various Tokenizers

Vaporetto is 8.7 times faster than KyTea.

Details can be found here.

License

Licensed under either of

at your option.

Contribution

Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in work by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.

References

Technical details of Vaporetto are available in the following paper or the blog post:

About

🛥 Vaporetto: Very Accelerated POintwise pREdicTion based TOkenizer

https://docs.rs/vaporetto

License:Apache License 2.0


Languages

Language:Rust 100.0%