JSON parsing error of Map objects in Android API version <= 18

[Esmond Wong]

Problems

LoginRequest and SignupRequest contains Map Object, which is then stored in another Map object. This causes parse error in Android API version under 18 (Jellybean or below)
The error is shown with volley throwing 400 bad request and is visible in logcat

Example

LoginRequest JSONObject:

• Android KitKat or above:
  {"action":"auth:login","auth_data":{"email"="[e-mail]", "username=esmond-testing"}......
• Android Jellybean(4.3.1) or below:
  {"action":"auth:login","auth_data":"{email=[e-mail], username=esmond-testing}"......

As the example have shown, Android KitKat or above can parse the Map object successfully, while Jellybean or below only treated the Map object as String, which caused the 400 error as the request is malformed.

Consider reading the comment session of: https://stackoverflow.com/a/12155874

How to recreate

Try signing up / login with any Android device running Jellybean or below

[Esmond Wong]

Screenshot attached for logcat error reference: